Kuibyshev hydroelectric station. Photos of the construction of the Zhigulevskaya HPP Samarskaya HPP

It is the sixth stage and the second largest HPP in the Volga-Kama HPP cascade.

General information

The construction of the HPP began in 1950 and ended in 1957. A feature of the geological structure of the hydroelectric complex is the sharp difference between the banks of the Volga. The high steep right bank is composed of fractured Upper Carboniferous limestone-dolomite rocks. The left bedrock bank of the valley is composed of sands with interlayers and lenses of loams.

The structure of HPP facilities:

• earth fill dam 2800 m long, 750 m wide and 52 m high;
• concrete spillway dam 980 m long (maximum throughput - up to 40 thousand m³/s);
• a building of a hydroelectric power station of a combined type with a length of 700 m;
• two-line shipping locks with approach channels.

Railway and automobile crossings across the Volga on the highway were laid along the hydroelectric dam. The capacity of the Zhigulevskaya HPP is 2320 MW, the average annual output is 10.5 billion kWh. The HPP building has 16 variable-blade hydraulic units with a capacity of 115 MW each and 4 variable-blade hydroelectric units with a capacity of 120 MW each, operating at a design head of 22.5 m. The HPP equipment is outdated and is being modernized and replaced. The hydroelectric dam forms a large.

The HPP was designed by the Hydroproject Institute.

Zhigulevskaya HPP is a part of JSC RusHydro as a branch.

Economic importance

The Igulevskaya HPP participates in covering peak loads and frequency regulation in the Unified Energy System of the country, regulates the flow of water in the Volga, promotes its efficient use by the downstream Volga hydroelectric power plants, ensures the creation of navigable depths and creates favorable conditions for irrigating large areas of arid lands in the Trans-Volga region. Electricity generated by the HPP is transmitted via four 500 kV high-voltage lines: two of them to the UES of the Center, and two others to the UES of the Urals and the Middle Volga.

Performance indicators

| class="standard" |+ Electricity generated per year, million kWh! 2006! 2007! 2008! 2009 |- | 9,586.2 | 11,742.2 | 10,722.50 | |)

Construction history

The idea of ​​the energy use of the Volga near Samarskaya Luka was put forward by Gleb Krzhizhanovsky back in 1910. A decade later, engineer K.V. However, the plight of the country's economy did not allow the implementation of this project.

In the early 1930s in the area of ​​Samarskaya Luka and Yaroslavl, design and survey work began on the energy use of the Volga, as a result of which many schemes for various arrangements of hydroelectric facilities were proposed. In 1937, a decision was made to build the Kuibyshev waterworks on the watershed near the settlements of Krasnaya Glinka and Perevoloki. During the construction, the labor of prisoners of the Gulag was used (Samara ITL and the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, where more than 30 thousand people worked). In the autumn of 1940, oil-bearing areas were discovered near the location of the future hydroelectric power station, and therefore construction was suspended.

Specialists of the Hydroproject Institute continued their research in 1949. The result of the research was the decision to build the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex near the city of Zhigulevsk. On August 21, 1950, a project for the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station with a capacity of 2.1 million kW was approved. On the site of the future hydroelectric power station, construction work began, which was again carried out using the labor of prisoners (Kuneevsky ITL, 46,600 people). A special trust "Kuibyshevgidrostroy" was created for the construction. Volzhskaya HPP im. V. I. Lenin was built in record time - from 1950 to 1957.

In July 1955, the first ship passed through the lower ship locks of the dam. In November of the same year, the main channel of the Volga was blocked, and on December 29, the first hydraulic unit was put into commercial operation. Less than a year after this event, in October 1956, the Kuibyshev HPP generated its first billion kilowatt-hours of electricity.

The construction of the hydroelectric power station proceeded at an accelerated pace. So, in 1956, 12 units were put into operation, in 1957 - another 7. On August 10, 1958, the station was renamed Volzhskaya HPP named after. Lenin, and in May 1959 all the facilities of the hydroelectric complex were put into commercial operation.

The Kuibyshev hydropower plant is a unique structure that has no analogues in the world practice of hydraulic engineering construction. For seven years, 193.9 million m³ of earthworks were completed at the construction site, 7.67 million m³ of concrete were laid, 200 thousand tons of metal structures and equipment were installed. The maximum daily rate of concrete placement reached 19,000 m³ in 1955 (3,300 m³/day higher than the intensity of concrete placement at the construction of the Grand Coulee HPP in the USA).

The Volga was also blocked in a record short time - 19.5 hours during the period when its flow was 3800 m³/s. Each unit with a capacity of 105 thousand kW was mounted on average for about 1 month, i.e., the time accepted in domestic and foreign practice was reduced by more than two times. However, the operation of the units showed that their real developed capacity, in contrast to the design one, is not 105 MW, but 115 MW, which made it possible to re-label the units and bring the installed capacity of the hydroelectric power plant to 2.3 GW.

Exploitation

Early 1960s the voltage of the HPP equipment increased to 500 kV, which made it possible to increase the power transmission capacity by 40% and complete the unification of the energy systems of the Center and the Urals. On August 30, 1966, the Volga HPP named after V. I. Lenin generated the first 100 billion kWh of electricity.

For the early implementation of the seven-year plan for the generation of electricity and the successful implementation of work on the integrated automation of production processes on September 14, 1966, the Volga HPP named after V. I. Lenin was awarded the Order of Lenin. From the mid 1960s to the late 1970s. equipment was being upgraded at the HPP: hydro generators were switched to the mode of synchronous compensators. In 1979, for the first time in the country, a new transformer of the ORC-135000/500 type with a reduced level of insulation was put into operation at the Volzhskaya HPP.

On February 1, 1993, the Volzhskaya HPP named after V.I. Lenin was reorganized into the Volzhskaya HPP named after V.I. Lenin Open Joint Stock Company (JSC VoGES), the founder of the company was RAO UES of Russia.

On July 4, 2001, the station became part of the Volga Hydropower Cascade Management Company.

In 2001, the Volzhskaya HPP named after V. I. Lenin became a participant in an experiment to develop a unified concept for the construction and development of automated control systems (APCS and ASDTU).

In October 2003, Volzhskaya HPP named after V. I. Lenin became one of the first suppliers of electricity to the competitive sector of the wholesale market "5-15": the hydroelectric power plant sells up to 15% of all generated electricity in the competitive sector, and 85% is guaranteed to be supplied to the regulated sector ― to the Federal Wholesale Electricity and Capacity Market (FOREM). In 2004, the Volzhskaya HPP named after V. I. Lenin sold 1.421 billion kWh of electricity in the competitive sector for the amount of 770 million rubles.

In 2004 HPP won the annual competition "Company of the Year: The Best Enterprises of the Samara Region". The hydroelectric power plant became a laureate in the nomination "For dynamic development".

At the end of December 2007 JSC Zhigulevskaya HPP was liquidated in connection with the merger with JSC HydroOGK.

Station reconstruction

The aging equipment of the station is being actively reconstructed. Thanks to the commissioning in 1998 of a microprocessor system for automatic commercial accounting of electricity, as well as a digital exchange of a cable local network of substations and a computer room, the information supply of dispatching and management personnel has risen to a new, more modern quality level. In the 2000s, the power distribution path was completely renovated, 110 and 220 kV switchgears were reconstructed, work is underway to reconstruct the 500 kV switchgear. a gradual modernization of hydraulic power equipment is also being carried out. Back in the 1980s, hydroelectric generators were reconstructed, which makes it possible to further increase the capacity of hydroelectric units. In the 2000s, the replacement of hydraulic turbines began. At the first stage, six hydro turbines are replaced, and the power of four of them increases by 5 MW, and two - by 7.5 MW, thus, the plant's capacity after the first stage of reconstruction will reach 2335 MW. On February 5, 2007, the capacity of the Zhigulevskaya HPP increased by 15 MW due to the replacement of three hydraulic turbines (station numbers 5, 10 and 15) and reached 2315 MW; re-marking of hydroelectric unit No. 3, the plant's capacity was 2320 MW. The supplier of impellers for the first six reconstructed hydraulic units is Power Machines OJSC. The reconstruction of the remaining hydroelectric units will be carried out at the expense of the EBRD loan, the equipment supplier has not yet been determined. In August 2008, a tender was announced for the replacement of two hydro turbines of the station, according to the terms of the tender, new hydro turbines should be put into operation in 2011.

Only yesterday we were still walking along the Kama, and now we are walking along the Kuibyshev reservoir - where "the Volga river flows for a long time from afar." And the coast is very beautiful - and so different from the Kama! These are the Novodevichy Mountains, chalk hills in the vicinity of the village of Novodevichye (Shigonsky district of the Samara region). In the central part of these mountains is the village of Belogorsk (former Melzavod) where chalk was previously mined commercially.

Novodevichy - a former large trading village on the Volga. Bread, firewood, various handicrafts brought here from five volosts (Novodevichenskaya, Usolskaya, Terengulskaya, Shigonskaya and Starotukshumskaya) were traded here, dozens of barges were loaded here. The village was founded as the Novoprechistenskaya estate of the Moscow Novodevichy Convent in 1683. In the 50s, part of the village was flooded during the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station (the water level rose by 26 m), the inhabitants were resettled.

We pass the Zhiguli cement plant - this is the city of Zhigulevsk-7, pos. Apple ravine. The plant was built in 1958, produces cement, roofing material, building gravel for industrial and residential construction.

On the right bank of the Volga, the Zhiguli Mountains. The highest point is Mount Bezymyannaya (381.2 m above sea level), which is considered the highest point in the middle zone of European Russia.

And ahead you can already see the houses of the city of Togliatti - the second largest in the Samara region. Initially, it was called Stavropol (the unofficial "refined" name of Stavropol-on-Volga, by analogy with Stavropol Caucasian), but in the summer of 1964, after the death of the Italian communist leader Palmiro Togliatti, it was renamed.

The tug "Ural-19" is dragging the barge "Belskaya-68" - and on the barge there is some interesting construction trailer :)

houses of Tolyatti closer

and river station

with a shipyard

and in the meantime we approached the locks of the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power station.

Zhiguli hydroelectric power station (Volzhskaya (Kuibyshevskaya) HPP named after V.I. Lenin) is the sixth stage and the second largest HPP in the Volga-Kama cascade of HPPs. Its construction began in 1950, and ended in 1957. The structures include: a hydroelectric power station, a trash-retaining structure, a spillway dam, an earthen dam, a mud outlet, a two-line two-chamber lock with an intersluice pool and berthing facilities.

The idea of ​​energy use of the Volga near the Samarskaya Luka was put forward by Gleb Krzhizhanovsky back in 1910. But design and survey work began only in the 30s, and in 1937 a decision was made to build the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex in the villages of Krasnaya Glinka and Perevoloki. It was built by prisoners of the Gulag (Samara ITL and the construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, where more than 30 thousand people worked). But in the 1940s, oil-bearing areas were discovered there and construction was suspended. After 9 years, survey work was resumed and in 1950 they began to build a hydroelectric power station in the area of ​​Zhigulevsk.

mooring

lock gates close

now let's go down

these are the gates that closed two frames ago :)

and here we are below

from the first lock chamber we exit into the inter-lock pool

and look back

and now let's see what we have in this very interlock pool around. Here the tankette "Volgoneft-206" is being repaired

on the shore of the house one more beautiful than the other

people move from coast to coast

the ship is called so - "crossing", short and clear :)

The dry cargo ship "Dmitrov" from Taganrog passed us

and we have already approached the second lock, we enter the lock chamber

We will be locking with a funny boat named "Dale"! :))

cool, probably, like this, a company to swim under a green canopy. Moor, walk, swim and sail on.

We got through - Anya and I run to the stern, to look at the locks remaining behind us. And "Dale" is briskly catching up with us :)

Immediately after the dam of the hydroelectric power station, a local "ruble" began right along the coast - a mansion drives a mansion apart.

a gravel crocodile swam past us :)

And here he is in full size! His name is "Plotovod-687", and he drags 2 barges at once

We pass by the Holy Resurrection Monastery. It was created quite recently, in 1996.

Touching landing stage and boat "Semych"

Although the monastery is recent, it still has its own interesting history. On its territory, the buildings of the former Stavropol Zemstvo hospital have been preserved, which did not fall under flooding during the construction of the hydroelectric power station. The hospital was built and operated by the forces of the Stavropol Zemstvo, which paid much attention to the development of education and health care, in addition to doing everything else - roads, mail, repair of bridges, agriculture.

It was necessary to build medical institutions from scratch - we remember how things were with doctors in the counties from the history of Yelabuga medicine. One doctor, wandering around the villages, physically did not have time to reach everyone who needed him.

And in 1868, at the expense of the Zemstvo, 3 hospitals were built in the county, the medical staff of which consisted of a doctor and a paramedic. In 1872, zemstvo doctors managed to expand the Stavropol hospital to 45 beds, which received not only residents of Stavropol, but also peasants from nearby villages. From 1872 to 1873 The Stavropol hospital was headed by Evgraf Alekseevich Osipov, a graduate of Kazan University, one of the founders of Russian sanitary statistics.

By 1902, funds were allocated for the construction of a new hospital due to the dilapidation of the old one. The hospital that was built had an operating room, a maternity ward, and apartments for staff. And just the buildings of this hospital can still be seen on the territory of the Holy Resurrection Monastery. (information from the article "Stavropol Zemstvo" on the site "Museum of the History of the Samara Territory").

And I will finish the post with an old postcard with a view of the Zhiguli (from the set "Volga on old postcards", "Printing and Publishing Plant", Kazan, 1999.)

All posts with photos from this trip can be viewed by the tag

Zhigulevskaya HPP(previously Kuibyshev hydroelectric power station, and since 1958 - Volzhskaya HPP named after Lenin) - a hydroelectric power station on the Volga River in the Samara Region, in the city of Zhigulevsk. Included in the Volzhsko-Kamasky HPP cascade, being the sixth stage of the HPP cascade on the Volga. The second largest hydroelectric power plant in Europe. In addition to generating electricity, it provides large-capacity shipping, water supply, and flood protection. The reservoir of the Zhigulevskaya HPP is the main regulating reservoir of the Volga-Kama cascade. The owner of the Zhigulevskaya HPP (with the exception of shipping locks) is PJSC RusHydro.

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General information

The construction of the hydroelectric power station began in 1950 and ended in 1957. A feature of the geological structure of the hydroelectric complex is the sharp difference between the banks of the Volga. The high steep right bank is composed of fractured Upper Carboniferous limestone-dolomite rocks. The left bedrock bank of the valley is composed of sands with interlayers and lenses of loams.

Station design

The Zhigulevskaya HPP is a low-pressure run-of-river hydroelectric power plant (the HPP building is part of the pressure front). The constructions of the hydroelectric power plant have class I capital and include an earthen dam with mating dams, a hydroelectric power station building with bottom spillways and a trash-retaining structure, a spillway dam, shipping locks with dams and approach channels, outdoor switchgear 110, 220 and 500 kV. Roads and railroads are laid along the hydroelectric power station facilities. The installed capacity of the power plant is 2456.5 MW, the design average annual electricity generation is 10,900 million kWh .

earth dam

The earth dam is located between the power plant building and the spillway dam, its length is 2802.5 m, the maximum height is 45 m, the crest width is 85 m, and the volume is 28.5 million m³. The dam is divided into a channel part with a length of 1301.5 m and a floodplain part with a length of 1501 m; device with a voltage of 220 kV. The earthen dam is made of fine-grained sands; a stone banquet (drainage prism) is located on the downstream side. The upper slope of the dam is protected from erosion by waves with reinforced concrete slabs 0.5 m thick and rock fill, the downstream slope is fixed with a layer of crushed stone 0.2 m thick. 1 m thick, at the base of which there is a reinforced concrete drainage gallery with a section of 1.6 × 0.8 m with five outlets.

spillway dam

The spillway dam is gravity concrete, 981.2 m long, 53 m wide, 40.15 m high, 2.267 million m³ of concrete was laid in the dam. Structurally, the dam is divided into spillway part, ponur, water break and apron. The spillway part consists of 19 sections, including 17 standard sections 52 m long and two coastal sections 62.6 m long. measuring equipment. The spillway front of the dam consists of 38 spans of 20 m each, covered by flat gates. Gates are operated by three gantry cranes with a lifting capacity of 2 × 125 tons. At a normal retaining level (NSL), the throughput of the dam is 38,000 m³/s. The total throughput capacity of the hydroelectric complex (taking into account the passage of water through the bottom spillways of the HPP building and the turbine) is 70,006 m³/s at FSL, and 75,574 m³/s at a forced retaining level (FSL).

To lengthen the path of the filtration flow from the side of the headwater, an anchor ponur 45 m long was installed, which has a complex structure: a reinforced concrete slab 40 cm thick, covered with two layers of bituminous mats, over which there is a protective layer of concrete 23 cm thick, a layer of loam 2 m thick, surcharge from sand 11 m thick, protected from erosion by reinforced concrete slabs 25-75 cm thick. The energy of the discharged water is quenched at the water break, which consists of two parts 55 and 40 m long, respectively. The first part is a reinforced concrete slab 5-6.5 m thick, on which two rows of absorbers in the form of tetrahedral truncated pyramids 2 and 2.5 m high are located in a checkerboard pattern, as well as a continuous water-breaking wall. The second part is a reinforced concrete slab 4.5 m thick with a water-breaking wall at the end. The reservoir has its own impervious system consisting of a 1 m thick return filter, drainage wells and drainage wells. Behind the reservoir there is an apron consisting of a horizontal section (length 50 m, plate thickness 2 m) and an inclined section (plate thickness 1 m). The apron ends with a bucket 40 m wide along the bottom, filled with stone.

HPP building

The building of the hydroelectric power station is of the channel type (perceives the pressure of water), combined with bottom spillways. The length of the building is 600 m, the width is 100 m, the height (from the bottom of the foundation) is 81.1 m. Structurally, the HPP building is made of monolithic reinforced concrete (2.978 million m³ in total) and is divided into 10 sections. In each section, there are two units and four bottom spillways, in total there are 40 bottom spillways at the HPP, blocked by flat emergency repair and repair gates. The discharge capacity of spillways at a normal retaining level of the reservoir is 18,400 m³/s. In addition, in the left-bank abutment there is a mud outlet with a capacity of 315 m³/s, blocked by a flat gate. To operate the gates from the downstream side, there are two gantry cranes with a lifting capacity of 2 × 125 tons, from the upstream side - two overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of 2 × 200 tons. A double-track railway was laid along the HPP building from the upstream side.

From the side of the downstream to the main array of the HPP building, an extension is adjoined, along which a highway has been laid; the foundation slab of the extension, 29.71 m long, serves as a reservoir. Behind the reservoir there is an apron 159.5 m long, on which the final damping of the energy of the water flow passing through the turbines and bottom spillways takes place. From the upstream side, at a distance of 60 m in front of the HPP building, there is a trash-retaining structure with trash-retaining grates, which are operated using gantry cranes with a lifting capacity of 2 × 125 tons. from horizontal and vertical drainage.

There are 20 vertical hydraulic units installed in the turbine hall of the HPP: 3 with a capacity of 115 MW each, 13 with a capacity of 125.5 MW and 4 with a capacity of 120 MW. The hydraulic units are equipped with rotary-blade turbines PL 587-VB-930 (8 pcs.), 30/877-VB-930 (8 pcs.) and PL 30/587-VB-930 (4 pcs.), operating at a design head of 20 m. The diameter of the turbine impeller is 9.3 m, the throughput is 650-680 m³ / s. The turbines were produced by the Leningrad Metal Plant. Turbines drive hydrogenerators SV 1500/200-88 with a capacity of 125.5 MW, produced by the Elektrosila plant. The assembly/disassembly of hydraulic units is carried out using two overhead cranes with a lifting capacity of 450 tons. Water lines and suction pipes of hydraulic units are equipped with flat repair gates. The entrance to the spiral chamber is blocked by flat emergency gates, which are operated using hydraulic lifts.

Power output scheme

Hydroelectric units deliver electricity at a voltage of 13.8 kV to single-phase transformers and autotransformers located on the HPP building from the downstream side. There are 8 groups of transformers and autotransformers in total: one group of autotransformers AORCT-90000/220/110 (3 pcs.), one group of autotransformers AORCT-135000/500/220 (3 pcs.), three groups of autotransformers AORCT-135000/500/220 (9 pcs.), three groups of ORC-135000/500 transformers (9 pcs.). The station has three outdoor switchgears (OSG) with voltages of 110, 220 and 500 kV. The 500 kV outdoor switchgear is located on the right bank, equipped with 24 circuit breakers (initially air circuit breakers, they are gradually being replaced with SF6 circuit breakers). The 220 kV outdoor switchgear is located on the widening of the earthen dam and is equipped with 13 SF6 circuit breakers. 110 kV outdoor switchgear is located on the right bank, equipped with 13 SF6 circuit breakers. Electricity from the Zhigulevskaya HPP is supplied to the power system through the following transmission lines:

• 500 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Kuibyshevskaya"
• 500 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Azot"
• VL 500 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Veshkayma" (southern)
• VL 500 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Veshkayma" (northern)
• Overhead line 220 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Syzran" I circuit
• Overhead line 220 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Syzran" II circuit
• Overhead line 220 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "KS-22"
• Overhead line 220 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Solnechnaya"
• Overhead line 220 kV Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Levoberezhnaya" I chain
• 220 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Levoberezhnaya" II circuit
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Cementnaya" I circuit with a branch line at the Substation "Zhigulevskaya" (Cementnaya-1)
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Cementnaya" II circuit with a branch line at the Substation "Zhigulevskaya" (Cementnaya-2)
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation "Uslada" with a branch line at the Substation "Courage"
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation Perevoloki with a branch line at Substation Otvaga
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation Zolnoye with taps (Zhigulevsk-Zolnoye)
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation ZhETZ (Komsomolskaya-1)
• 110 kV overhead line Zhigulevskaya HPP - Substation Aleksandrovka (Aleksandrovka-2)

Shipping locks

Two-chamber two-line shipping locks located on the left bank are used to pass river vessels through the hydroelectric complex. The lock chambers are separated by an intermediate pool 3.8 km long. In the inland waterway system, the lock chambers are numbered 21, 22 (lower heads) and 23, 24 (upper heads). The lock chambers are reinforced concrete dock construction, the length of each chamber is 290 m, the width is 30 m. The chamber filling system is distributive, it consists of three longitudinal galleries laid in the chamber bottom. The filling or emptying time of each chamber is 8 minutes, 637.8 thousand m³ of concrete was laid in the locks. In addition to the chambers, the navigation facilities include the upper and lower approach channels with fencing dams, the outport wave protection dam, guides and berthing facilities. Through the upper heads of the locks, overpasses of roads and railways are laid. Shipping locks belong to the Samara region of hydraulic structures and navigation - a branch of the Federal State Institution "Volga State Basin Administration of Waterways and Shipping".

Reservoir

The pressure structures of the HPP form a large (the largest in Europe) Kuibyshev reservoir. The area of ​​the reservoir at a normal backwater level is 6150 km², the length is 680 km, the maximum width is 27 km, the maximum depth is 32 m. in high water and to work it in a low-water period). The mark of the normal retaining level of the reservoir is 53 m above sea level (according to the Baltic height system), the forced retaining level is 55.3 m, the level of the dead volume is 45.5 m.

Economic importance

The Zhigulevskaya HPP participates in covering peak loads and regulating the frequency in the Unified Energy System of the country, regulates the flow of water in the Volga, promotes its efficient use by the downstream Volga hydroelectric power plants, ensures the creation of navigable depths and creates favorable conditions for irrigating large areas of arid lands in the Trans-Volga region. The electricity generated by the HPP is transmitted via four high-voltage lines of 500 kV: two of them - to the Center's UPS, two others - to the Urals and the Middle Volga UPS.

Performance indicators

Construction history

The idea of ​​energy use of the Volga at the Samarskaya Luka was put forward by Gleb Krzhizhanovsky back in 1910. A decade later, engineer K. V. Bogoyavlensky proposed to build a hydroelectric power station near the village of Perevoloki on the watershed between the Volga and Usa, using the natural difference in water levels. However, the plight of the country's economy did not allow the implementation of this project.

Station reconstruction

The outdated equipment of the station is being actively reconstructed. Thanks to the commissioning in 1998 of a microprocessor system for automatic commercial accounting of electricity, as well as a digital exchange of a cable local network of substations and a computer room, the information supply of dispatching and management personnel has risen to a new, more modern quality level. In the 2000s, the power distribution path was completely renovated, 110 and 220 kV switchgears were reconstructed, work is underway to reconstruct the 500 kV switchgear. A gradual modernization of hydraulic power equipment is also being carried out. Back in the 1980s, hydroelectric generators were reconstructed, which makes it possible to further increase the capacity of hydroelectric units. In the 2000s, the replacement of hydraulic turbines began. At the first stage, six hydraulic turbines were replaced, and the power of four of them increased by 5 MW, and two - by 10.5 MW. In particular, on February 5, 2007, the capacity of the Zhigulevskaya HPP increased by 15 MW due to the replacement of three hydraulic turbines (station numbers 5, 10 and 15), and on November 1, 2008, after the turbine was replaced, hydroelectric unit No. 3 was re-marked. Thus, the station's capacity after the first stage of reconstruction reached 2341 MW. The supplier of impellers for the first six reconstructed hydraulic units is Power Machines OJSC. The reconstruction of the remaining hydroelectric units will be carried out at the expense of the EBRD loan, the equipment supplier has not yet been determined. In August 2008, a tender was announced for the replacement of two hydro turbines of the station, according to the terms of the tender, new hydro turbines should be put into operation in 2011.

On December 3, 2013, the modernization of hydroelectric unit No. 4 was completed with an increase in its output and capacity up to 125.5 MW. On December 20, 2013, the updated unit No. 19 with a capacity of 125.5 MW was put into operation. On September 16, 2014, the updated unit No. 18 with a capacity of 125.5 MW was put into operation. On January 14, 2015, unit No. 1 was re-marked for a capacity of 125.5 MW. On March 31, 2015, the updated unit No. 12 was put into operation. On June 30, 2015, the updated unit No. 17 was put into operation. On September 30, 2015, the updated unit No. 14 was put into operation. On March 30, 2016, the modernization of hydroelectric unit No. 16 was completed. On October 11, 2016, the modernization of hydroelectric unit No. 7 was completed. On March 13, 2017, the modernization of hydroelectric unit No. 8 was completed. The tests of the upgraded hydroelectric units confirmed the possibility of increasing their capacity from 115 to 125.5 MW, after which the equipment was re-labeled and the installed capacity of the power plant on August 11, 2017 reached 2456.5 MW. At another hydroelectric unit (No. 11), the modernization was completed on June 9, 2017, its re-marking will be carried out later.

After the modernization is completed (by 2018), the total capacity of the Zhigulevskaya HPP will increase to 2488 MW, by 6% compared to the original design value (2341 MW) .

Zhigulevskaya HPP in philately

• Postage stamps of the USSR

Access granted (access is allowed).

For a long time I wanted to visit our Zhigulevskaya HPP. Believe it or not, but having been born in Tolyatti, I have never been there, well, in the sense - inside :) But then such an opportunity arose and I responded with pleasure. Familiar blogger and photographer Vadim Kondratiev chronograph agreed to visit the station building and other surroundings, many thanks to him for the photo with my participation. In turn, I want to express my gratitude to Ganzhina Tatyana, a public relations specialist for organizing and conducting this wonderful tour. Sergey helped us not to get confused in numbers, kilograms and kilowatts. If you do not take into account shoulder straps and positions, I note that a true fan of his work can be seen immediately. Seryozha and Tanya dragged us around the station with such enthusiasm that we are hardened bloggers who don’t feed with bread, but let them climb somewhere with a camera, we could hardly keep up with them. :O)
It is difficult to claim complete coverage of the issue, even though the wagon with the bogie received the information. Again, you can replenish your knowledge from. In short, here is something that was remembered or greatly surprised.

From the window, this amazing building does not seem huge at all. But it's more likely that we're just screwed over here. Of course, if every day, looking out the window to see one of the largest reservoirs, the eye involuntarily “blurs”.
The length of the HPP building is 730 m, width - 100 m, height - 80 m from the base to the roof.
The height of the hydraulic unit (turbine and generator) is 26.5 meters, which corresponds to the height of an 8-storey building.

Our visit took place in several stages, and in order to avoid confusion, I finalized the scheme with a file. (see picture below):


. Below are links to this chart.

Having finished with the formalities such as passes and permission to take pictures, we went to the station building.

Our guides joked a little, suggesting that we start climbing right from this ladder, but then it became clear that there is some truth in every joke.

Not a single visit to the prom. object is not complete without a safety briefing. That's why they started with him. We were promised white helmets and a lot of sensations.
And this is Sergey, an engineer of the first category, our guide and just a storehouse of any information.

It will not be superfluous to think about what all these books on safety are written with.

We went up a little on a small elevator, although there is also a large one. The length of the mine is 60 m. Well, somewhere around 30 up and 30 down.

And finally, we are on the roof of the administrative building, examining the transformers. (Point 1 on the diagram)

Zhigulevskaya HPP is equipped with 20 hydroelectric units. 16 for 115 MW and 4 for 120 MW. They are combined into groups of 2-3 units. The voltage removed from the transformer groups is transferred to open switchgears of outdoor switchgear, of which there are 3 nearby, respectively, according to the voltage they produce 500 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV.

Outdoor switchgear are such large open areas with a terrible amount of wires. Here in the upper part you can see the ORU-220.

A little earlier - about 5 years ago, the passage to the Volga from the downstream side was not limited, and the fishermen used it with pleasure. Now, in order to go fishing, they have to make a big detour and go down the Mogutovaya mountain from the territory of the Zhiguli quarry management, and already there goat paths to make their way to the river.

And while we dug and ran from edge to edge, our guides were already climbing to the very top.

And here we are on the roof of the engine room. (Point 2 on the diagram).
The supports on the left are overhead lines transmitting energy to the ORU-500. Stunning electro-magnetic fields were observed on the roof, so that the colleague's lens stabilizer, instead of this very stabilization, danced like mad. It is harmful to stay there for a long time, but our visit was not so long.

Farms carry wires from 800 to 1300 m long. The average weight of one such wire is 8 tons.

Clear marking is the key to the successful work of operational personnel. 6th current-carrying group, phases A, B and C.

Above the station is the Zhiguli water intake.

Right under the wall from the upstream side there is a railway line.

The roof offers an excellent view of the Komsomolsky district of Togliatti and the water area of ​​the reservoir.

In the first years after the station was put into operation and the water area of ​​the Kuibyshev reservoir was flooded, there were so many driftwood and logs in the water that it was possible to cross them to the opposite bank.

Behind the operation of such a serious structure lies the usual life, the signs of which could be seen even here. After all, it is clear that it catches badly :)

Stunning view of the Kuibyshev reservoir.

After walking on the roof, which is actually unsafe and in wet weather it is recommended to walk only in certain places, we began to look for a way to retreat. Having moved to the north side of the building, they found 3 stairs there. But we decided to go down the crane ladder.

Colleague chronograph passed forward in order to check the stability of the structure :)

Walking around the area with coils,

we went down to the platform of the downstream stop valves (Point 3 on the diagram)

Its main task is to block the access of water to the turbine cavity from the bottom side.
For this, sandors are used - a set of metal beams designed to block water.

Beams laid horizontally one on top of the other form a stop wall - the movable part of a beam (stop) gate, usually used during the construction or repair of a hydraulic structure.
To stop the hydroelectric unit for scheduled repairs or modernization, water access to the turbine is blocked by upstream and downstream gates. The remaining water is pumped out, draining the cavity and opening access to the turbine.
Upper pool - to cover it, a wall of 13 partitions is needed. Lower - 7 partitions. Partitions are assembled and lowered down in pairs. Assembly and installation are carried out using gantry cranes.

The functioning of such a structure is not conceivable without cranes. Gantry cranes are used at the trash containment facility, downstream and at the spillway dam. The upstream gate valve room and machine room are equipped with overhead cranes of various capacities. Cranes on the street for power use special skis as current collectors. The length of the ski covers the distances between the supply posts. For overhead cranes in the premises, current-carrying busbars are laid along the entire length of the hall.

Our guide Tatiana expects badly kept bloggers.

And so we finally got to the engine room. (Point 4 on the diagram).

The feeling that a person is just another insect grows and grows stronger in such gigantic rooms.

These bolts hold the turbine blade.

Right here.

Inside the turbine hall is light and airy. The wall on the left is 4 meters thick. Behind her is water.

The HPP is equipped with 20 units. Each of them can be stopped in 2 minutes by turning the normal handle on the box next to it. From the history of excursions, such a case is known that the visitor, not really believing the guide, came up and turned this very knob. Then, in the explanatory notes for this extraordinary incident, the excursion figured as an excuse.

Turbine generator shaft. It is hollow, oil is supplied through the cavity into the turbine.

An automated system allows you to monitor all indicators.

Everywhere, even in the elevator, there are telephones for operational communication.

The machine hall building is not monolithic, but divided into sections, with a certain degree of freedom of the sections relative to each other. The gap between them is filled with a wood gasket with a unique impregnation. Here is the outside view. The line from top to bottom is a gap between sections covered from the weather.

Then, armed with another guide from the operational staff, we went down directly to the hydroelectric unit itself. Hole at the bottom of the photo.

This is for example the 14th hydraulic unit.

Vadim chronograph perpetuates with its presence this genius of engineering. (Point 5 on the diagram)

The generator shaft is in motion.

The unpainted rod on top is a hydraulic actuator of the dampers that regulate the flow of water to the turbine blades. Around the circumference of the turbine are these same flaps.

But the most exciting thing was getting under the flywheel of the generator. This is when you have a big iron fool thing spinning frantically over your head and the wind in your face :). Indescribably!

On all turbines, the name of the plant that manufactured the units is smeared, but on the 17th unit it remained unchanged.

Hydroelectric power plants, as a power system, have a certain flexibility, unlike, for example, nuclear power plants. If the latter, once launched, reaches the base mode and generates the design capacity, then the hydroelectric power plant can subtly respond to demand by regulating the output of energy. It also turned out to be an interesting feature that I had never heard of before. The station can work as a reactive power compensator. But in Russia, the market for such services has not yet been evaluated and mastered.

From the hydroelectric unit, we went to the gas switches, passing in parallel through one of the galleries stretching along the entire length of the station. Walking there is a chore, so the staff gets on wheels.

Room with gas switches. They connect and disconnect generators from transformer groups. (Point 6 on the diagram). It's scary to imagine what kind of currents run through these tires.

Strength through flexible connection. On the left, the tires come from transformer groups, on the right - a switch that diverts energy to the outdoor switchgear.

The switch itself. The currents there are really not weak, the tires are heated and the room is actively air-conditioned.

The gallery is divided into sections, like the entire station. These doors allow you to block access to the section.

Further, the tour continued with an ascent to the very ceiling, to the overhead crane of the engine room. (Point 7 on the diagram) .

I was scared to be honest.

Severe pieces of iron are usually controlled by fragile female hands.

Here is a hydroflower.

This steep ascent was followed by an equally steep descent. We visited the lowest point of the station - dry grass. (Point in diagram 8).
On the way there, we passed through several completely empty halls the size of a house. They were formed as a result of saving concrete. Those. during construction, formwork was built and these voids were created. According to Sergey, there are about 16 of them in the station building. Can you imagine how much you saved?

I would like to tell you more about the "dry pottern". At the end of 2009, the media reported that an accident had occurred at the Zhigulevskaya HPP and restoration work was underway. Frightened by the Sayano-Shushenskaya accident, the people, because of the lack of details, thought about the worst. In fact, something like the following happened.
When designing such hydraulic structures, the presence of one or another kind of leakage is taken into account. To collect leaked water, the structure of the building provides for the so-called "wet curtain" - a channel that runs in the lower part of the building along its entire length. (white box to the left of point 9 on the diagram) . Water is collected in this cavity and pumped out with the help of special drainage pumps installed in two groups on the north and south sides. Parallel to this "wet" there is a "dry" postern - a gallery that allows you to control the equipment for servicing the wet. It is dry, just because there is no water there.
It so happened that one group of pumps was stopped for preventive maintenance, and the second group had problems. Water appeared in the dry grass. A unique design for attaching an additional pump to a temporary support platform was promptly created and installed. A pipeline with a diameter of 326 millimeters and a length of 120 meters has been laid. The installation of this pump made it possible to drain the wet and dry stern and to establish the reason for the shutdown of the pumping pumps.

Those pumps. Sergey, in order not to frighten us with unfamiliar numbers, immediately determined the power of one pump - 7 baths per second :)

The control room for these pumps is upstairs. Number 7 - indicates the number of the pump. In order to lower it down, through holes are provided from the very top.

Here is one of these pumps raised for repair.

And finally, the dry linen itself. You feel like you are on a submarine. Above the water column.

Then we climbed up again, where we were hungry and a little tired, greeted by bas-reliefs on the wall with grandfather Lenin in the gallery.

A pleasant part of our tour, not indicated on the diagram, is the dining room.

Vadim chooses between gherkins and artichokes.

While we ate, we were entertained by a couple of fish with their serious performance.

There are only 280 permanent employees serving the station. Basically it is operational personnel and management. Professionals of the widest profile. There is even a diving group.
Contractor organizations are engaged in repair and modernization.

After a pleasant lunch, we visited 2 more objects.
The first is a museum of the enterprise. A separate building includes a first-aid post, a gym, a museum and a chemical laboratory, where, for example, according to the condition of the oil, experts can evaluate the performance of the unit. Eco-monitoring is being actively carried out.

The museum provides a lot of information and if you wish, you can always visit it with a guided tour.

I found this item interesting. This is the oil bearing element on which the hydraulic unit rests. It turns out that objects of this size can only be propped up by liquids. The bearing elements are located with a slight eccentricity, and during rotation, an oil wedge forms on its surface, which creates support for the rotating mechanism. Above - a fluoroplastic gasket and on the side - temperature sensor contacts.

The next final facility was the Trash Detention Facility - SUS. (Point 9 on the diagram).
The structure is 633.3 m long, 62.5 m high and 27 m wide along the stream. It consists of 36 holes of 10.5 m each, located 33 m from the power plant building. It was erected for the first time in the practice of hydrotechnical construction in order to improve the operating conditions of the HPP.

It is served by 2 gantry cranes with the possibility of installing various types of equipment.

The structure is connected to the station building by jumpers.

Gate valves are used here.

Garbage detained by the structure is hauled by a crane into the northern part of the upstream.

There, for the descent of debris, logs, a special section is provided, where the shutter does not rise, but falls down. And through a special channel past the station, the garbage goes downstream.

That's almost all, but I could not get around another spectacular place at the hydroelectric power station. Weir dam. In the spring there is something to see. Boiling breakers and seagulls flying above them. It's mesmerizing, you can't take your eyes off it.
In addition to the spillway dam, through which the main water is discharged during a flood, the design of the hydroelectric power station provides for drainage channels that pass water in addition to the units. The volume of water discharge at the dam is limited, since with an increased spillway, vibration is observed in the adjacent settlements.

And finally, a few more pictures.