Sinkwines in biology lessons. What is cinquain and how to make it? Examples of syncwines in chemistry and biology
Sincwine was invented at the beginning of the 20th century by Adelaide Crapsey, an American poetess. Inspired by Japanese haiku and tanka, Crapsey came up with the form of a five-line poem, also based on the syllable count in each line. The traditional one she invented had a syllabic structure of 2-4-6-8-2 (two syllables in the first line, four in the second, and so on). Thus, there should have been 22 syllables in the poem.
Didactic cinquain was first used in American schools. Its difference from all other types of syncwine is that it is based not on counting syllables, but on the semantic meaning of each line.
The classic (strict) didactic cinquain is built like this:
, one word, noun or pronoun;
second line - two adjectives or participles, which describe the theme's properties;
third line - or gerunds, telling about the actions of the topic;
fourth line - a sentence of four words, expressing the personal attitude of the author of the syncwine to the topic;
fifth line - one word(any part of speech), expressing the essence of the topic; kind of summary.
The result is a short, non-rhyming poem that can be devoted to any topic.
At the same time, in didactic syncwine, you can deviate from the rules, for example, the main topic or summary can be formulated not in one word, but in a phrase, a phrase can consist of three to five words, and actions can be described as compound ones.
Composing a syncwine
Coming up with syncwines is a rather exciting and creative activity, and it does not require special knowledge or literary talents. The main thing is to master the form well and “feel” it.
For training, it is best to take as a topic something well-known, close and understandable to the author. And start with simple things. For example, let's try to compose a syncwine using the example of the topic "soap".
Respectively, First line- "soap".
Second line- two adjectives, properties of the subject. Soap what? You can list in your mind any adjectives that come to mind and choose two suitable ones from them. Moreover, it is possible to describe in syncwine both the concept of soap in general (foaming, slippery, fragrant), and the specific soap used by the author (baby, liquid, orange, purple, etc.). Suppose, in the end, the soap turned out to be “transparent, strawberry”.
Third line- three actions of the subject. Here, schoolchildren often have problems, especially when it comes to syncwines dedicated to abstract concepts. But it must be borne in mind that actions are not only actions that an object produces by itself, but also what happens to it and what effect it has on others. For example, soap can not just lie in a soap dish and smell, it can slip out of your hands and fall, and if it gets into your eyes, it can make you cry, and most importantly, you wash yourself with it. What else can soap do? Recall, and in the end we will choose three verbs. For example, like this: "It smells, washes, bubbles."
Fourth line- the author's personal attitude to the topic of syncwine. Here, too, sometimes problems arise - what kind of personal attitude can there be to soap if you are not a fan of cleanliness, who loves to wash very much or not, who hates soap. But in this case, personal attitude does not mean only the emotions experienced by the author. These can be associations, and something that, according to the author, is the main thing in this subject, and some facts from the biography related to the topic of syncwine. For example, the author once slipped on soap and broke his knee. Or try making your own soap. Or he associates soap with the need to wash his hands without fail before eating. All this can become the basis for the fourth line, the main thing is to put your thought into three to five words. For example: "Wash your hands before eating." Or, if the author ever tried to lick deliciously scented soap as a child and was disappointed, the fourth line could be: "Smell, taste nasty."
And finally last line- a summary in one or two words. Here you can re-read the resulting poem, think about the emerging image of the subject and try to express your feelings in one word. Or ask yourself the question - why do you need this item at all? What is the purpose of its existence? What is its main property? And the meaning of the last line depends heavily on what has already been said before. If the fourth line of the syncwine is about washing hands before eating, the logical conclusion would be “cleanliness” or “hygiene”. And if the memories of the bad experience of eating soap - "disappointment" or "deception."
What happened in the end? An example of a classic didactic syncwine of a strict form.
Soap.
Transparent, strawberry.
Washes, smells, bubbles.
The smell is sweet, the taste is disgusting.
Disappointment.
A small but amusing poem in which all children who have ever tasted soap will recognize themselves. And in the process of writing, we also remembered the properties and functions of soap.
Having practiced on simple subjects, you can move on to more complex, but well-known topics. For training, you can try to compose a syncwine on the theme “family” or a syncwine on the theme “class”, poems dedicated to the seasons, and so on. And a cinquain on the theme “mother”, composed by elementary school students, can be a good basis for a postcard in honor of the March 8 holiday. And the texts of syncwines written by students on the same topic can form the basis for any class-wide projects. For example, for Victory Day or the New Year, students can make a poster or a newspaper with a selection of their own written thematic poems.
Why compose syncwine at school
Compiling a syncwine is a rather exciting and creative activity that, for all its simplicity, helps children of all ages develop systemic thinking and analytical skills, isolate the main thing, formulate their thoughts, and expand their active vocabulary.
In order to write a cinquain, one must have knowledge and understanding of the subject - and this, plus everything else, makes writing poems an effective form of testing knowledge in almost any subject of the school curriculum. Moreover, writing a syncwine in biology or chemistry will take less time than a full-fledged test. And a syncwine in literature, dedicated to any of the literary heroes or a literary genre, will require the same intense work of thought as writing a detailed essay - but the result will be more creative and original, fast (to write a syncwine for children who have mastered the form well, it is enough 5-10 minutes) and indicative.
Sinkwine - examples in various subjects
Sincwine in the Russian language can be devoted to various topics, in particular, you can try to describe parts of speech in this way.
An example of a syncwine on the topic "verb":
Verb.
Reversible, perfect.
Describes the action, conjugates, commands.
In a sentence, it is usually a predicate.
Part of speech.
In order to write such a syncwine, I had to remember what forms the verb has, how it changes, what role it plays in the sentence. The description turned out to be incomplete, but nevertheless, it shows that the author remembers something about verbs and understands what they are.
In biology, students can write syncwines dedicated to certain types of animals or plants. Moreover, in some cases, to write a syncwine in biology, it will be enough to master the content of one paragraph, which allows you to use the syncwine to test the knowledge gained during the lesson.
An example of a syncwine on the theme "frog":
Frog.
Amphibian, chordate.
Jumping, spawning, catching flies.
He only sees what is moving.
Slippery.
Synquains in history and social science allow students not only to systematize their knowledge on the topic, but also to feel the topic more deeply, “pass” it through themselves, and formulate their personal attitude through creativity.
For example, cinquain on the theme "war" could be like this:
War.
Terrible, inhuman.
Kills, destroys, burns.
My great-grandfather died in the war.
Memory.
Thus, cinquain can be used as part of the study of any subject of the school curriculum. For schoolchildren, the composition of thematic poems can become a kind of “creative pause”, introducing a pleasant variety into the lesson. And the teacher, having analyzed the creativity of students, can not only assess their knowledge and understanding of the subject of the lesson, but also feel the attitude of schoolchildren to the topic, understand what interested them most. And, perhaps, to make adjustments to the plans for further classes.
Compiling syncwines - short, non-rhyming poems - has recently become a very popular type of creative task. It is faced by schoolchildren, and students of advanced training courses, and participants in various trainings. As a rule, teachers are asked to come up with a syncwine on a given topic - to a specific word or phrase. How to do it?
Rules for writing syncwine
Sinkwine consists of five lines and, despite the fact that it is considered a kind of poem, the usual components of a poetic text (the presence of rhymes and a certain rhythm) are not mandatory for it. But the number of words in each line is strictly regulated. In addition, when compiling a syncwine, certain parts of speech must be used.
The scheme for constructing a syncwine is:
- the first line is the theme of syncwine, most often one word, a noun (sometimes two-word phrases, abbreviations, names and surnames can act as a topic);
- second line - two adjectives characterizing the topic;
- third line - three verbs(actions of an object, person or concept designated as a topic);
- fourth line - four words, a complete sentence describing the author's personal attitude to the topic;
- fifth line - one word, summing up the syncwine as a whole (conclusion, summary).
Deviations are possible from this rigid scheme: for example, the number of words in the fourth line can vary from four to five, including or not including prepositions; instead of “lonely” adjectives or verbs, phrases with dependent nouns are used, and so on. Usually, the teacher who gives the task to compose a syncwine decides for himself how strictly his wards should adhere to the form.
How to work with the syncwine theme: first and second line
Consider the process of inventing and writing a syncwine using the example of the topic "book". It is this word that is the first line of the future poem. But the book can be completely different, how to characterize it? Therefore, we need to specify the topic, and the second line will help us with this.
The second line is two adjectives. What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of a book? For example, it could be:
- paper or electronic;
- luxuriously bound and lavishly illustrated;
- interesting, exciting;
- boring, difficult to understand, with a bunch of formulas and diagrams;
- old, with yellowed pages and ink marks in the margins made by my grandmother, and so on.
The list could be endless. And here it must be borne in mind that there can be no “correct answer” here - everyone has their own associations. From all the options, choose the one that is most interesting to you personally. It can be an image of a specific book (for example, your favorite children's books with bright pictures) or something more abstract (for example, "books of Russian classics").
Now write down two signs specifically for “your” book. For example:
- exciting, fantastic;
- boring, moralistic;
- bright, interesting;
- old, faded.
Thus, you already have two lines - and you already quite accurately represent the "character" of the book you are talking about.
How to come up with the third line of a syncwine
The third line is three verbs. Difficulties can also arise here: it would seem, what can a book “do” by itself? To be published, to be sold, to be read, to stand on a shelf... But here one can describe both the impact that the book has on the reader and the goals the author set for himself. A "boring and moralizing" novel, for example, might to enlighten, to moralize, to tire out, to put to sleep and so on. "Bright and interesting" book for preschoolers - entertains, motivates, teaches to read. Captivating fantasy story captivates, excites, excites the imagination.
When choosing verbs, the main thing is not to deviate from the image that you outlined in the second line and try to avoid words with the same root. For example, if you described a book as fascinating, and in the third line you wrote that it "captivates" - there will be a feeling that you are "marking time". In this case, it is better to replace one of the words with a similar one in meaning.
We formulate the fourth line: attitude to the topic
The fourth line of the syncwine describes the "personal attitude" to the topic. This causes particular difficulties for schoolchildren, who are used to the fact that attitudes must be formulated directly and unambiguously (for example, “I have a good attitude towards books” or “I find books useful for raising the cultural level”). In fact, the fourth line does not imply evaluativeness and is formulated much more freely.
In fact, here it is necessary to briefly state what is most important to you in the topic. This may be relevant to you personally and your life (for example, " Started reading at age four" or " I have a huge library", or " I can't stand reading"), but this is optional. For example, if you think that the main drawback of books is that they use a lot of paper, for the production of which forests are cut down, you do not need to write “I” and “condemn”. Just write that " paper books - tree graves" or " book production destroys forests”, and your attitude to the topic will be clear enough.
If it’s difficult for you to immediately formulate a short sentence, first put your idea in writing, without thinking about the number of words, and then think about how you can shorten the resulting sentence. As a result, instead of I love fantasy novels so much that I often can't put it down and read them until the morning' might look like this:
- I can read until the morning;
- I often read all night long;
- I saw a book - I say goodbye to sleep.
How to sum up: the fifth line of cinquain
The task of the fifth line is to briefly, in one word, summarize all the creative work on writing a syncwine. Before you do this, rewrite the previous four lines - almost a finished poem - and reread what you have.
For example, you thought about the variety of books, and you came up with the following:
Book.
Artistic, popular science.
Enlightens, entertains, helps.
So different, everyone has their own.
The result of this statement about the infinite variety of books can be the word "library" (a place where many different publications are collected) or "variety".
In order to isolate this "unifying word", you can try to formulate the main idea of the resulting poem - and, most likely, it will contain the "main word". Or, if you are used to writing “conclusions” from essays, first formulate the conclusion in your usual form, and then highlight the main word. For example, instead of " so we see that books are an important part of the culture”, simply write “culture”.
Another common version of the cinquain finale is an appeal to one's own feelings and emotions. For example:
Book.
Fat, dull.
We study, we analyze, we learn.
Classics is a nightmare for every student.
Yearning.
Book.
Fantastic, captivating.
Admires, delays, deprives of a dream.
I want to live in a world of magic.
Dream.
How to learn to quickly write syncwines on any topic
Compiling syncwines is a very exciting activity, but only on condition that the form is well mastered. And the first experiments in this genre are usually difficult - to formulate five short lines, you have to seriously strain yourself.
However, after you have come up with three or four syncwines and mastered the algorithm for writing them, things usually go very easily - and new poems on any topic are invented in two or three minutes.
Therefore, in order to quickly compose syncwines, it is better to work out the form on a relatively simple and well-known material. As a training, you can try to take, for example, your family, home, one of your relatives and friends, a pet.
Having coped with the first syncwine, you can work out a more difficult topic: for example, write a poem dedicated to any of the emotional states (love, boredom, joy), time of day or season (morning, summer, October), your hobby, hometown, and so on. Further.
After you write a few of these "trial" works and learn how to "pack" your knowledge, ideas and emotions into a given form, you can easily and quickly come up with syncwines on any topic.
SYNCWINES IN THE LESSONS OF BIOLOGY.Zolotareva I.G., biology teacher
MBOU "OOSH No. 3", Mariinsk
One of the effective methods of child development, which allows you to quickly get results, is to work on creating an unrhymed poem, syncwine.
cinquain (from fr. cinquains , English cinquain ) - five-line poetic form , which arose in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century under the influence of Japanese poetry. Later it began to be used (recently, since 1997, and in Russia) for didactic purposes, as an effective method for the development of figurative speech, which allows you to quickly get results. A number of methodologists believe that syncwines are useful as a tool for synthesizing complex information, as a cutoff for assessing the conceptual and vocabulary of students.
Didactic cinquain developed in the practice of the American school. In this genre, the text is based not on syllabic dependence, but on the content and syntactic specification of each line.
Writing a syncwine is a form of free creativity that requires the author to be able to find the most significant elements in the information material, draw conclusions and briefly formulate them.
Drawing up a syncwine, a short summary based on large amounts of information, is useful for developing the ability to analyze. Unlike a school essay, cinquain requires less time, although it has a more rigid framework in terms of the form of presentation, and writing it requires the compiler to implement almost all of his personal abilities (intellectual, creative, figurative). Thus, the procedure for compiling a syncwine allows you to harmoniously combine the elements of all three main educational systems: information, activity and personality-oriented.
Rules for compiling syncwine:
1 line - one word, usually a noun, reflecting the main idea;
2 line - two words, adjectives describing the main idea;
3 line - three words, verbs describing actions within the framework of the topic;
4 line - a phrase of several words expressing attitude to the topic;
Line 5 - one word (association, a synonym for the topic, usually a noun, a descriptive phrase is allowed, an emotional attitude to the topic).
Composing a syncwine, everyone realizes their talents and abilities: intellectual, creative, figurative. If the task is completed correctly, then the syncwine will definitely turn out to be emotional.
Here are some examples of fairly successful syncwines:
Cytology
studying, cellular
investigate, install, diagnose
branch of biology that studies living cells, their organelles, their structure, functioning, processes of cell reproduction, aging and death
cell biology
Anatomy
ancient, scientific
examines, examines, examines
the science of the form and structure of individual organs, systems and the body as a whole
group of scientific branches
Life
alive, flowing
multiply, develop, exist
way of being of entities
hereditary sexually transmitted disease
Morphology
scientific, complex
studying, researching
shape and structure of animals and plants
complex of scientific branches
organism
alive, active
consists, possesses, differs
body with organs
individual
Flower
modified, shortened
attracts pollinated develops
reproductive organ of flowering plants
spore-bearing shoot
Cytoplasm
watery, changing
moves, grows, reproduces
internal environment of a living or dead cell
content
Mutation
Random, persistent.
Changes, manifests, is inherited.
There would be no happiness, but misfortune helped!
Evolution.
stem cell
Non-specialized, plastic
Divides, differentiates, migrates
The stem cell is the doctor inside you!
Regeneration
proteasome
barrel-shaped, selective
Recognizes, splits, regulates
A defective protein is not a comrade to the cell!
Terminator
microtubule
Growing, hollow
Move, lean, transport
Microtubule-free tube cage!
Tubulin
Squirrels
three-dimensional, unique
Accelerate, regulate, protect
You can't live without proteins, no!
Workaholics!
Core
Large, double membrane
Regulates, controls, transmits
A cell without a nucleus - and not there, and not here!
Head!
Mitosis
Four-stage, the most common,
Provides, reproduces, supports,
Mitosis is the basis of growth and vegetative reproduction,
Division.
How to work with syncwines.
We offer the following ways for students to work with syncwines:
Drawing up a new syncwine (individually, in pairs, in groups).
Compilation of a short story on the finished syncwine using the words and phrases that make up the syncwine.
Example. Compilation of a short story on syncwine.
Modification
adaptive, reversible
change, adapt, shape
Without it, as without water, we cannot exist!
Evolution
Modifications- these are specific values of a variable trait of an organism, which are formed in specific environmental conditions. They are wearing adaptive nature - provide the adaptability of organisms in the environment. Modifications reversible: they disappear after the termination of the factor that caused their formation. Modifications vary(change within certain limits) with typical changes in the environment. Forming modifications, the organism adapts to specific environmental conditions. Formation modifications occur at the stages of gene expression that determine the development of the trait. Modifications are the result evolution kind.
Correction and improvement of the finished syncwine.
Example. Sinkwine correction
Cell
Divide, multiply, renew
Cell is an elementary particle of living matter
Life
Modified cinquain.
Cell
eukaryotic, prokaryotic
Share, specialize, update
Elementary particle of life
Analysis of an incomplete syncwine without specifying the theme of the syncwine and determining the name of the theme of this syncwine.
Example. Definition of the topic of syncwine (guess the word of the first line)
Sincwine 1.
Strong, varied
fight, compete, overcome
Fight and seek, find - and do not give up!
Selection
Sincwine 2.
Autotrophic, green
Start, synthesize, transmit
CO 2 and water are our food!
food chain
Sincwine 3.
Live, cubic
Share, eat, breathe
You can't build a house without bricks.
Textile
Sincwine 4.
Complex, stable
Eat, live, reproduce
My home is my castle.
Ecosystem
Sincwine 5.
?
viral, chimeric,
encode, synthesize, condition
One is good, but two is better!
Chromosome
Sincwine 6.
?
Multifactorial, chromosomal
break, change, condition
Misfortune never comes alone.
Disease
Sincwine 7.
resistant, infectious
to destroy, to change, to destroy
Here it is the mystery of the century - the death of the world of man!
Protein
Sincwine 8.
Useful, neutral
Form, transfer, change
He catches everyone's eye!
Phenotype
Sincwine 9.
fixed, spherical
Store, merge, implement
She does good - it is encrypted.
organism
Sincwine 10.
Smooth, rough
Synthesize, transport, store
The path of the protein from the ribosome to the Golgi apparatus lies through it
vacuolar system
Sinkwines are an excellent way to control. It is impossible to write a poem correctly without reading the text.
If suddenly you have difficulties with the selection of words that are appropriate in syncwine, then the problem is most likely due to the following. Either the topic of cinquain is not close to you (not understood by you or simply not interesting). Or you need to work on expanding your vocabulary.
And syncwines are very convenient to use for self-control or for mnemonic purposes. If you can easily compose a poem, then be sure: the topic is well learned. In addition, cinquain contains the quintessence of the material - your emotional perception of it. And therefore, later you can repeat this topic, simply remembering your syncwine.
The use of technology "crossesense" and "Sinquain" in biology lessons.
Biology teacher MBOU secondary school No. 8 p. Levokumka
Mineralovodsky district of the Stavropol region
Myasishcheva Natalya Alekseevna
Active learning methods - methods that stimulate the cognitive activity of students, they are based mainly on a dialogue that involves a free exchange of views on ways to solve a particular problem, are characterized by a high level of student activity. Research shows that it is in active classes - if they are focused on achieving specific goals and well organized - that students often learn the material most fully and for their own benefit. Active teaching methods, with skillful application, allow solving three educational and organizational tasks at the same time:
1) subordinate the learning process to the control influence of the teacher;
2) to ensure active participation in the educational work of both prepared and unprepared students;
3) establish continuous control over the process of assimilation of educational material.
Active learning methods (according to A.M. Smolkin) - these are ways to enhance the educational and cognitive activity of students, which encourage them to active mental and practical activity in the process of mastering the material, when not only the teacher is active, but the students are also active.
Active teaching methods involve the use of such a system of methods, which is mainly aimed not at the presentation of ready-made knowledge by the teacher and their reproduction, but at the independent mastery of knowledge by students in the process of active cognitive activity.
cinquain- This is a creative work that has a short form of a poem, consisting of five non-rhyming lines.Sinkwine - five-line form that originated in at the beginning under the influence . Later it began to be used (recently, since 1997, and in ) for didactic purposes, as an effective method for the development of figurative speech, which allows you to quickly get the result
cinquain- this is not a simple poem, but a poem written according to the following rules: 1 line - one noun expressing the main theme of syncwine.
Line 2 - two adjectives expressing the main idea.
Line 3 - three verbs describing actions within the topic.
Line 4 - a phrase that carries a certain meaning.
Line 5 - conclusion in the form of a noun (association with the first word).
Compiling a cinquain is very simple and interesting. And besides, work on the creation of syncwine develops imaginative thinking.
Writing a syncwine is a form of free creativity that requires the author to be able to find the most significant elements in the information material, to makeconclusions and briefly formulate them.
Composing a syncwine, everyone realizes their talents and abilities: intellectual, creative, figurative. If the task is completed correctly, then the syncwine will definitely turn out to be emotional.
Mutation Random, persistent.Changes, manifests, is inherited.There would be no happiness, but misfortune helped!Evolution.
How to work with syncwines.
I offer the following ways for students to work with syncwines:
Drawing up a new syncwine (individually, in pairs, in groups).
2. Compilation of a short story on the finished syncwine using the words and phrases that make up the syncwine.
Example. Compilation of a short story on syncwine.
Modification
adaptive, reversible
change, adapt, shape
Without it, as without water, we cannot exist!
Evolution
Story.
Modifications - these are specific values of a variable trait of an organism, which are formed in specific environmental conditions. They are wearingadaptive nature - provide the adaptability of organisms in the environment. Modificationsreversible : they disappear after the termination of the factor that caused their formation. Modificationsvary (change within certain limits) with typical changes in the environment. Forming modifications, the organismadapts to specific environmental conditions.Formation modifications occur at the stages of gene expression that determine the development of the trait. Modifications are the resultevolution kind.
3. Correction and improvement of the finished syncwine.
Example. Sinkwine correction
Cell
Divide, multiply, renew
Cell is an elementary particle of living matter
Life
Modified cinquain.
Cell
eukaryotic, prokaryotic
Share, specialize, update
Elementary particle of life
gook
4. Analysis of an incomplete syncwine without specifying the theme of the syncwine and determining the name of the theme of this syncwine.
Example . Definition of the topic of syncwine (guess the word of the first line)
Strong, varied
fight, compete, overcome
Fight and seek, find - and do not give up!
Selection
Smooth, rough
Synthesize, transport, store
The path of the protein from the ribosome to the Golgi apparatus lies through it
vacuolar system
the ability to find the most important elements in the educational material, draw conclusions and express all this in brief conclusions. This means that the author of the syncwine must have deep knowledge. Compiling a syncwine requires the student to have a topic, have their own opinion on it and express it according to certain rules.Sinkwines are an excellent way to control. It is impossible to write a poem correctly without reading the text.
No one will argue with the fact that every teacher must develop the logical thinking of students. This is a requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard, this is stated in the methodological literature. However, the teacher does not always know how to do this. Mathematics plays a huge role in the development of logical thinking, but the question arises - Doesn't our subject develop logical thinking?
I also believe that logical thinking can be developed in any lesson. Today I would like to tell and show my experience in developing logical thinking in biology lessons using the "Crossense" technique.
What is "Crossense"?
The word "crossesense" was coined by the authors by analogy with the word "crossword", which in English means "crossing of meanings". This technique was developed by Sergei Fedin - writer, teacher, mathematician and Vladimir Buslenko - Doctor of Technical Sciences, artist and philosopher. Crossense was first published in 2002 in Science and Life.
The idea of crossesense, like everything simple, is brilliant, and like everything brilliant, very simple. Unlike a crossword puzzle, where all the cells are empty, in a crossword they are already filled with pictures. There are nine pictures in total, and twelve tasks (according to the number of neighboring pairs). Crossense can be read in one of the following ways:
− from top to bottom and from left to right (usually reading in Russian), then move only forward and end on the central 5th square, this way you get a chain wrapped in a “snail”;
− You can start as the first, and with any recognizable picture. The central square is number 5. At the request of the author, it can be connected in meaning with all the images in the cross-sense
− usually, you need to establish connections along the perimeter between squares 1–2, 2–3, 3–6, 6–9, 9–8, 8–7, 7–4, 4–1, as well as along the central cross between squares 2– 5, 6–5, 8–5, and 4–5 (Fig. 3).
Crossense is used at different stages of the lesson:
− when checking homework;
− when formulating the topic of the lesson, setting the goal of the lesson;
− when opening the information block of the topic,when summarizing the material, consolidating;
− when organizing group work;
− creative homework.
The algorithm for compiling a cross is quite simple and understandable.: 1) definition of the subject, general idea;
2) search and selection of images illustrating the elements;
3) selection of 9 elements - images related to the idea, topic;
4 relationship between elements, sequence definition;
5) concentration of meaning in one element (5th square);
6) highlighting the distinctive features, features of each element.
Here is a cross-sense that I use in biology lessons in the classroom to formulate the topic of the lesson “Root”, “Types of roots. Root functions"
I show the crosses to the students on the screen. I ask:
What word combines these pictures? Justify your answer.
How would you formulate the topic of the lesson?
Thus, cross-sensing is a methodical technique that makes it possible to put into practice in the teacher's activity the change of priorities dictated by the goals of the system of modern education - not to teach, but to create conditions for the independent creative search of the student; reception‐ puzzle of a new generation.
To become a creator who knows how to create his own unique imaginative worlds filled with meaning is a brilliant victory for a student and a teacher. Isn't this the main goal of EDUCATION?
I wish you all health, great victories in the creative field!
SYNCWINES IN THE LESSONS OF BIOLOGY.
Alferova E.V., biology teacher
MBOU "Secondary School No. 70", Khabarovsk
Sinkwine is one of the effective methods of child development, which allows you to quickly get results, through an unrhymed poem,
Sincwine (from fr. cinquains, English cinquain) - five-line poetic form that originated in USA at first XX century influenced Japanese poetry. Later it began to be used (recently, since 1997, and in Russia) for didactic purposes, as an effective method for the development of figurative speech, which allows you to quickly get the result. A number of methodologists believe that syncwines are useful as a tool for synthesizing complex information, as a cutoff for assessing the conceptual and vocabulary of students.
Didactic cinquain developed in the practice of the American school. In that genre the text is based not on syllabic dependence, but on the content and syntactic specification of each line.
Writing a syncwine is a form of free creativity that requires the author to be able to find the most significant elements in the information material, draw conclusions and briefly formulate them.
Drawing up a syncwine, a short summary based on large amounts of information, is useful for developing the ability to analyze. Unlike a school essay, cinquain requires less time, although it has a more rigid framework in terms of the form of presentation, and writing it requires the compiler to implement almost all of his personal abilities (intellectual, creative, figurative). Thus, the procedure for compiling a syncwine allows you to harmoniously combine the elements of all three main educational systems: information, activity and personality-oriented.
Rules for compiling syncwine:
1 line - one word, usually a noun, reflecting the main idea;
2 line - two words, adjectives describing the main idea;
3 line - three words, verbs describing actions within the framework of the topic;
4 line - a phrase of several words expressing attitude to the topic;
Line 5 - one word (association, a synonym for the topic, usually a noun, a descriptive phrase is allowed, an emotional attitude to the topic).
Composing a syncwine, everyone realizes their talents and abilities: intellectual, creative, figurative. If the task is completed correctly, then the syncwine will definitely turn out to be emotional.
Here are some examples of fairly successful syncwines:
Cytology
studying, cellular
investigate, install, diagnose
branch of biology that studies living cells, their organelles, their structure, functioning, processes of cell reproduction, aging and death
cell biology
Anatomy
ancient, scientific
examines, examines, examines
the science of the form and structure of individual organs, systems and the body as a whole
group of scientific branches
Life
alive, flowing
multiply, develop, exist
way of being of entities
hereditary sexually transmitted disease
Morphology
scientific, complex
studying, researching
shape and structure of animals and plants
complex of scientific branches
organism
alive, active
consists, possesses, differs
body with organs
individual
Flower
modified, shortened
attracts pollinated develops
reproductive organ of flowering plants
spore-bearing shoot
Cytoplasm
watery, changing
moves, grows, reproduces
internal environment of a living or dead cell
content
Mutation
Random, persistent.
Changes, manifests, is inherited.
There would be no happiness, but misfortune helped!
Evolution.
stem cell
Non-specialized, plastic
Divides, differentiates, migrates
The stem cell is the doctor inside you
proteasome
barrel-shaped, selective
Recognizes, splits, regulates
Regeneration
A defective protein is not a comrade to the cell!
Terminator
microtubule
Growing, hollow
Move, lean, transport
Microtubule-free tube cage!
Squirrels
three-dimensional, unique
Accelerate, regulate, protect
You can't live without proteins, no!
Core
Large, double membrane
Regulates, controls, transmits
A cell without a nucleus - and not there, and not here!
Mitosis
Four-stage, the most common,
Provides, reproduces, supports,
Mitosis is the basis of growth and vegetative reproduction,
Division.
How to work with syncwines.
We offer the following ways for students to work with syncwines:
Drawing up a new syncwine (individually, in pairs, in groups).
Compilation of a short story on the finished syncwine using the words and phrases that make up the syncwine.
Example. Compilation of a short story on syncwine.
Modification
adaptive, reversible
change, adapt, shape
Without it, as without water, we cannot exist!
Evolution
Modifications are specific values of a variable trait of an organism that are formed under specific environmental conditions. They are adaptive in nature - they ensure the adaptability of organisms in the environment. Modifications are reversible: they disappear after the termination of the factor that caused their formation. Modifications vary (change within certain limits) with typical environmental changes. Forming modifications, the body adapts to specific environmental conditions. The formation of modifications occurs at the stages of gene expression that determine the development of the trait. Modifications are the result of the evolution of a species.
Correction and improvement of the finished syncwine.
Example. Sinkwine correction
Cell
eukaryotic, prokaryotic
Divide, multiply, renew
Cell is an elementary particle of living matter
Modified cinquain.
Analysis of an incomplete syncwine without specifying the theme of the syncwine and determining the name of the theme of this syncwine.
Example. Definition of the topic of syncwine (guess the word of the first line)
Sincwine 1.
Strong, varied
fight, compete, overcome
Fight and seek, find - and do not give up!
Selection
Sincwine 2.
Autotrophic, green
Start, synthesize, transmit
CO2 and water are our food!
food chain
Sincwine 3.
Live, cubic
Share, eat, breathe
You can't build a house without bricks.
Textile
Sincwine 4.
Complex, stable
Eat, live, reproduce
My home is my castle.
Ecosystem
Sincwine 5.
?
viral, chimeric,
encode, synthesize, condition
One is good, but two is better!
Chromosome
Sincwine 6.
?
Multifactorial, chromosomal
break, change, condition
Misfortune never comes alone.
Disease
Sincwine 7.
resistant, infectious
to destroy, to change, to destroy
Here it is the mystery of the century - the death of the world of man!
Protein
Sincwine 8.
Useful, neutral
Form, transfer, change
He catches everyone's eye!
Phenotype
Sincwine 9.
fixed, spherical
Store, merge, implement
She does good - it is encrypted.
organism
Sincwine 10.
Smooth, rough
Synthesize, transport, store
The path of the protein from the ribosome to the Golgi apparatus lies through it
vacuolar system
Sinkwines are an excellent way to control. It is impossible to write a poem correctly without reading the text.
If suddenly you have difficulties with the selection of words that are appropriate in syncwine, then the problem is most likely due to the following. Either the topic of cinquain is not close to you (not understood by you or simply not interesting). Or you need to work on expanding your vocabulary.
And syncwines are very convenient to use for self-control or for mnemonic purposes. If you can easily compose a poem, then be sure: the topic is well learned. In addition, cinquain contains the quintessence of the material - your emotional perception of it. And therefore, later you can repeat this topic, simply remembering your syncwine.
Recently, in school classes, it has become popular to use a methodological technique called "syncwine". It is believed that this stimulates the mental activity of students, contributes to the development of creative thinking, writing and reading skills, the ability to analyze and draw conclusions, briefly formulating them. In addition, making syncwines is very interesting and children are happy to do it.
What is cinquain?
This form of versification appeared with the suggestion of the American Adelaide Crapsey at the beginning of the last century, thanks to the Eastern principles of poetry - haiku and tanka. The result was a cinquain - a concise five-line poetic form that carries synthesized information. Cinquain is divided into several varieties, each of which has certain compilation rules.
Crapsey came up with the traditional form of writing five lines, where the work included 22 syllables and had a structure like this: 2 - 4 - 6 - 8 - 2, where the number indicates the number of syllables in each line.
To teach American schoolchildren, they began to use the didactic form of syncwine. It differs from other quintuples in that it is not the observance of the syllabic structure that is important, but the semantic information of the lines.
The classic traditional cinquain is compiled as follows:
- The first line is the subject, noun, or pronoun;
- The second line is two adjectives or participles, they briefly characterize the topic, describing it;
- The third line is three words of verbs or gerunds that reveal the action;
- The fourth line is the author's opinion about the topic being described in four words;
- The fifth line is the final, the essence of the topic, consisting of one word and any part of speech.
Of course, these are the general basics of writing syncwine, which you should try to adhere to. But small adjustments can be made if the meaning of the poem benefits from this. To prevent the five-line from turning out to be a chaotic set of words, it is allowed to increase the words in a line or replace parts of speech, and so on. The main thing is that as a result the author creates an interesting creation with important information.
Pedagogical value of syncwine
In Russian schools, this poetic form began to be used not so long ago, in the last decade of the last century. But in Western school programs it has been successfully used for almost 100 years.
From a pedagogical point of view, cinquain is a great way for the creative realization of a student. Such a poetic form helps to find and highlight the most important points in the information field, compose them and briefly bring them to the attention of others.
Sinkwine helps to overcome speech monotony in a child, helps to enrich vocabulary, and accelerate mental development. Compilation of five lines helps to form analytical thinking skills. It is convenient to use it as a final task for checking the material covered. The simplicity of the construction of the poem makes this method of development very effective for children of different ages.
To compose cinquain, you need to have knowledge and understanding of the material covered. This form can be used not only in literature or the Russian language, but also in such subjects as physics, chemistry, biology, you can check the level of knowledge of the student by compiling a syncwine. Moreover, although in time it passes faster than writing a standard control, it will require no less intensity of the work of thought. And the result will be much more original, interesting and revealing.
Let's try to understand step by step how to write a non-rhyming poem using the word "book".
1 line
Line 1 is the topic, which means that the word “book” is the finished initial line of our poem. But books are different, what characterization to give her? To do this, you need to specify the topic (in this case, the book). Let's move on to the second line.
2 line
Line 2 gives a description of the subject (topic). What does the word "book" mean? everyone has their own associations, for example:
- Electronic, paper;
- Interesting, fascinating, with pictures and illustrations;
- Boring, technical, with formulas and diagrams;
- Old, ancient, with notes in the margins.
The list can be very long and there is no uniquely correct definition, even though everyone has their own first perception when pronouncing a word. Someone presents a favorite children's book, someone has a weighty tome in the father's office, someone has an abstract image in the form of store shelves with many creations. You need to write what is presented in connection with "your" book. For example:
- bright, colored;
- boring, instructive;
- historical and interesting.
From the second line, the character of our book is already clearly presented.
3 line
Line 3 should describe the action. What actions generally occur with the book? It is written, written, published, sold, on the shelf, and so on. But it would be more correct to describe actions in relation to the author: it captures, drives you to sleep, makes you bored, teaches, tells, makes you worry. The choice of characterizing verbs depends on what description has been given. For example, boring, moralizing in the second line cannot captivate, awaken the imagination in the third.
When writing the third line, the main rule is to stick to the image that has already been created. You also need to monitor the use of cognates, if the book was described as interesting, then you should not characterize the action that it is interested in. Get a transfusion of "water". It is better to use a word similar in meaning: an interesting book captivates.
4 line
Line 4 of the pentaline implies an expression of a personal attitude to the topic (book). As a rule, this line is the most difficult to formulate. Schoolchildren are constantly taught that thoughts should be expressed directly and unambiguously: I love to read, I find books useful and moralizing. In practice, cinquain does not require an assessment and implies a free interpretation. You need to determine what is most important in relation to you and your life, related to books.
For example:
- I hate sitting with a book;
- learned to read at the age of five;
- I have many books at home.
If the imagination draws a deforestation for the production of paper for books, then there may be such formulations:
- published a book - destroyed a tree;
- paper books - a planet without trees.
That is, the expression of a personal attitude to books in a clear and understandable form. If it is difficult to immediately compose a short, capacious phrase, then you can write your thought in free form, not counting the number of words, and then decide how to reduce it to the desired size. For example: "I love to read historical novels and I can sit on a book all night until the morning." As a result, the abbreviated version will look like:
- I read all night long;
- I will read the whole book until the morning;
- book in hand - sleep beyond the threshold.
line 5
Line 5 is the final one, its task is to sum up the whole work in one word. First you need to write the resulting four lines and read them. This is almost a finished unrhymed poem. Let's say we remembered children's works:
- Bright, fabulous.
- Entertains, captivates, lulls.
- Mom read before bed.
To formulate the main idea of the syncwine, you need to draw a conclusion from the resulting work: "I remember how I liked it when my mother read fairy tales at night as a child." Most likely, the final word will already be contained in the final phrase. In this case, the word "childhood" would be appropriate.
Examples of syncwines
Writing syncwines is a creative and exciting process. Children are very fond of such activities and often suggest topics for poems themselves. Here are some examples of creating simple non-rhyming five-line verses for younger students.
Summer
Warm, sunny.
Swim, relax, walk.
The best time of the year.
Holidays.
War
Cruel, terrible.
Kills, tortures, shoots.
I saw films about the war.
School
Big, noisy.
Teaches, helps, directs.
I like going to classes.
Grandmother
Caring, affectionate.
Regrets, nurses, looks after.
Grandma has the most delicious pies.
Cherry
Fragrant, sweet.
Blooms, smells, ripens.
I love cherry jam.
Firework
Brilliant, colorful.
Shoots, sparkles, rumbles.
It is a symbol of joy and victory.
Child
Small, defenseless.
Laughing, rejoicing, growing.
Children are the flowers of life.
Police
Bold, brave.
Catches, protects, guards.
My city is the safest.
September 1
Festive, elegant.
Let's go, learn, meet.
For the first time in first class!
Citizen
Active. Conscious.
Builds, performs, monitors.
Together - we are force.
If you need to compose a cinquain on any topic, but you are having difficulty with this, we can help you. Write the topic of syncwine in the comments to the article, and we will try to compose it for you.