The use of forms of pronouns, verbs. Errors in the use of pronouns Incorrect forms of personal pronouns
Difficulties and errors in the use of pronouns are usually associated with the use of individual forms, categories of pronouns, as well as their role in the organization of the sentence and text.
1. Violations in the formation of certain forms of pronouns are most frequent in the category of possessive pronouns of the third person. In the literary language, this function is performed by the frozen forms of the genitive-accusative case of the personal pronoun of the third person: his book, her book, their book. These forms, unlike other possessive pronouns ( mine, yours, ours, yours) do not change!
The grossest mistake is to change the pronouns of him, her, them according to the model of the rest of the possessive pronouns (unacceptable - their plan, Right - their plan).
2. When using the personal pronoun he in oblique cases in combination with prepositions, the initial n is usually added to it, which is absent in unprepositional use:
saw him - enter after him.
The use of forms without prosthetic n in the presence of a preposition ( enter after it) is a gross grammatical error and indicates a very low speech culture of the speaker.
3. The pronoun sam in the accusative singular feminine form can have two forms: herself And most. The first one ( herself) stylistically neutral common, the second - most(but not - most!) - book:
She has only herself to blame.
4. When using pronouns in speech, it is important to consider the context. It is essential that the reader or listener be perfectly clear which word is being replaced by the pronoun. The greatest difficulties are usually caused by the use of some personal, demonstrative, reflexive, possessive and relative pronouns.
The function of substituting significant words is performed primarily by demonstrative pronouns ( that one, this one etc.) and pronominal adverbs ( there, there, then etc.), as well as a personal pronoun He (she, it, they), relative pronoun which.
The use of substitute words requires special attention.
Firstly, you cannot use these pronouns if there is no replacement word in the previous context.
For example, in context: There were screams in the house. They tried to break the frame- Pronouns are not allowed They, since the previous sentence did not name a noun that should replace this pronoun.
Secondly, if the sentence contains several masculine or feminine nouns, then it is unacceptable to use pronouns in the subsequent sentence he, she, him, her.
So, in the text: The novel depicts a woman who is passionate about work. She needs my comrades- use of a pronoun is unacceptable she, since there are two feminine nouns in the previous sentence: woman, work.
The same applies to the use of the pronouns they, them, if the previous context contains several plural nouns.
For example, in a complex sentence: This collection contains articles by educators where they analyze the problems of education- ambiguity from the use of a pronoun They is created because two nouns are used in the main clause - articles, teachers.
Third, the construction of a complex sentence with the relative pronoun which deserves special attention. A pronoun usually replaces its nearest preceding noun.
So, the meaning of the sentence: Exhibited in the museum stuffed dinosaurs that all died during the war years from the bombing- can be interpreted in such a way that it was the dinosaurs that survived until the war itself and died only after the bombing.
5. A large number of shortcomings are found when using the reflexive pronoun self, which does not have gender and number forms and can refer to all persons and both numbers.
The reflexive pronoun serves to indicate that the object of the action is identical with the subject, in other words, it means that the action is directed at the actor himself. In a sentence, the real meaning of the pronoun itself usually coincides with the real meaning of the subject (cf.: I hurt my hand; she hurt her hand; they bought an apartment), but may not coincide with it ( think of people who do not spare themselves for others).
The reflexive pronoun can also be used in impersonal sentences, indicating a person experiencing a particular state. This person is usually expressed by a noun or pronoun in the dative case or in the genitive case with the preposition y.
Wed: I was lucky to find myself a room; there was no reason for the son to be dissatisfied with himself.
In all such cases, the pronoun self indicates the person who performs the action expressed by the infinitive.
Wed: I found myself a room.
Ambiguity is usually created if the infinitive is subordinate to another verb, associated with another character.
For example: The mother told her daughter to fetch water for herself. In this case, there are two characters in the sentence: the mother ordered to bring water, and her daughter will bring it. Therefore, the pronoun se can refer to both mother and daughter. To avoid ambiguity, the sentence needs to be changed.
If the water is for the daughter, then the sentence can be constructed as follows: The mother told her daughter to bring herself some water. By including a pronoun in a subordinate clause where there is only one actor, we have avoided possible confusion.
If the water is intended for the mother, then it is no longer possible to use such a design. You can use a complex sentence with the replacement of a reflexive pronoun with a personal one ( The mother told her daughter to bring her water). In the subordinate clause, there is again one noun and one personal pronoun, which correlates with another noun ( mother) given in the previous main clause. However, a certain ambiguity still remains here, since the statement contains two feminine nouns ( mother And daughter), with which, in principle, the personal pronoun to her can be correlated. Therefore, for greater precision, it is better to use a wider context, for example: The mother was thirsty, and she told her daughter to bring water.
note
The reflexive pronoun is not used in sentences in which the subject is a part of speech denoting an object or concept that does not perform actions. Therefore, the phrase requires correction: A definition that has self-related words, usually isolated if it comes after a noun. First, here it is necessary to replace the reflexive pronoun to yourself for personal to him, secondly, at least one of the real participles should be excluded from the sentence. In this case, you can use the phrase: common definition. (A common definition is usually isolated if it comes after a noun.)
6. No less difficulties are usually caused by the use of the possessive pronoun own in the text. This pronoun, like the reflexive one, indicates that an object, quality, property belongs to a person (an active producer of an action) and can refer to all three persons and to both numbers:
I/you/he/they bought/bought a candle with their own money.
Therefore, if there are several actors in the sentence, ambiguity also arises:
To avoid semantic inaccuracies, the following recommendations should be followed.
If in the sentence the subject is expressed by the personal pronoun of the first, second person ( me, we, you, you), and the complement is a noun, then belonging to a noun-complement is expressed by pronouns him, her, them.
Wed: I found a friend in my office - I found a friend in his office.
These pronouns can also be used if the subject and object are expressed by nouns (third person pronouns) of different genders.
Wed: Sergey found his sister in his office - Sergey found his sister in her office.
If the subject and object are expressed by nouns (or a personal pronoun of a third person and a noun) of the same number and the same gender, then you can use a simple or complex sentence in which only one actor will be named.
Wed: The professor asked the assistant to read his abstract - The professor asked the assistant to read his(assistant) abstract; The professor's abstract, at his request, was read by an assistant.
7. When using pronouns, agreement with the replaced word is often violated. Thus, the replaced pronoun must agree with the replaced word in gender and number.
Firstly, if the word being replaced is a collective noun, then the pronoun must be used in the singular form, since these nouns, although indicating a plurality, are in the singular form.
Therefore, the following examples of the use of pronouns will be grammatically incorrect:
If a collective noun denotes inanimate objects, then the singular form of the pronoun should be used, that is, the context will be grammatically correct:
Leaves fell from the wind. She covered the whole garden.
If the noun denotes persons, then it is more appropriate to replace the collective noun with a synonymous plural noun, that is, the second example can be corrected as follows:
Secondly, if the pronoun is after a combination of two nouns, one of which is an application, then the pronoun must agree in gender with the noun that serves as the designation of a broader (generic) concept:
Pushkin gave the poem "The Bronze Horseman" for review to Nicholas I. It was returned to the poet with the comments of the sovereign.
The polite form of "You" is Lei (3 lit., singular), also Loro (3 lit., pl.). "Voi" is sometimes used, but this form is considered obsolete. Quite often this is addressed to parents or just old people, and in the southern regions, especially in places with the most archaic way of life, "Voi" is the only polite form.
Verbs (i verbi)
Verbs are regular and irregular. The correct ones are conjugated according to the rules, while the incorrect ones have individual forms, undergoing changes in the root, suffix, less often in the ending.
1st conjugation. ending -are
2nd conjugation. ending -ere
3rd conjugation. The ending -ire (+ "isk" - verbs that have the suffix "-isc-" when conjugated)
(!) Verbs with the endings -urre, -orre, arre (per esempio: produrre - to produce; proporre - to offer, trarre - to extract, extract) belong to the 2nd conjugation.
Verbs in Italian hide by persons, numbers and times. By gender, only the ending of past participles changes, this also applies to compound tenses with the auxiliary verb “essere” (to be).
Inclinations: indicative, conditional, subjunctive, imperative.
Deposits: active and passive.
Special forms of the verb:
infinitive, participle and gerund (in meaning and translation it resembles a participle).
Transitivity verbs almost 100% coincides with Russian.
(!) There is no division into imperfective and perfective as in Russian, at least for the infinitive form of the verb. in Italian aspect the verb does not have an independent expression and is clearly presented only in the two past tenses of the indicative mood. In other cases, additional words (verbs, adverbs, etc.) or a paraphrase will be required to give meaning. In addition, in Italian there is a progressive aspect (action in progress), expressed by the paraphrase "stare + gerundio", and a kind of aorist (a single, indivisible action in the past), expressed in il passato remoto.
In Italian, the form of the verb in a sentence already indicates the subject, and personal pronouns are often omitted. They are used only when necessary for clarity or for logical emphasis.
The most "interesting" is the tenses of the indicative mood. There are many more of them than in Russian, especially with regard to the past.
For information!
* Infinitive (INFINITO):
presente - present
Passato - past
* Indicative tenses (INDICATIVO):
presente - present
Passato prossimo - near past
Imperfetto - past imperfect
Trapassato prossimo - past
Passato remoto - past completed
Trapassato remoto - past distant tense
Futuro semplice - a simple future
Futuro anteriore - future
* Subjunctive mood (CONGIUNTIVO):
presente - present
Passato - past
Imperfetto - imperfect
Trapassato - long gone
* Conditional mood (CONDIZIONALE):
presente - present
Passato - past
* Imperative mood (IMPERATIVO):
presente - present
* Participle (PARTICIPIO) and gerund (GERUNDIO):
presente - present
Passato - past
Terminology related to verbs
verb / verbs - il verbo / i verbi
present (time)
future (time) - futuro
past, past (time) - passato
inclination / inclinations - il modo / i modi
indicative
conditional
subjunctive
imperative - imperative
infinitive
participle - participio
gerund
pledge / pledges - la diatesi / le diatesi
active - attiva
passive (or passive) - passiva
reflexive (or reflexive) - riflessiva
time / times - il tempo / i tempi
aspect - l'aspetto
conjugation
auxiliary / s (verb) - ausiliare / ausiliari
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Indicative. indicative.
Present tense. Presente.
The indicative mood of the verb denotes the action as a real fact. A characteristic feature of the indicative mood is change over time. Verbs can be used in the present, past and future tenses.
Presente - Present tense:
actions performed at the present time;
an action that is in progress;
repetitive action;
coming action;
an action that will take place in the near future (usually with an indirect object).
Verb endings of the 1st conjugation: 
Verb endings of the 2nd conjugation*: 
Verb endings of the 3rd conjugation**: 
Endings of "-isc" verbs of the 3rd conjugation: 
*most regular verbs of the 2nd conjugation have irregular participle forms
**some regular verbs of the 3rd conjugation have irregular participle forms
IMPORTANT: the stress in the 3rd person plural falls on the same syllable as in the 1st person singular!
Verbs ending in -CARE and -GARE retain the sounds [k] and [g], for this, “h” is added before the vowels “e” and “i”.
Examples: 
Verbs ending in -CIARE and -GIARE keep the letter "i", which in this case is "mute", after "c" and "g", and in 2l. unit are limited to one "i" at the end. In 1 l. plural "i" is also "mute". In the 1st person singular, the ending is read in full, that is, "i" in this case is not mute.
Examples: 
Declarative, interrogative and negative sentences.
Parlare- talk, talk, talk
Scrivere- write, write
Aprire- open, open
Capire - understand, understand
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Useful words and expressions.
Acquaintance (la conoscenza).
Sono ... - I (are) ...
Mi chiamo ... - My name is ... (lit. I am called)
Mio nome è ... - My name is ...
Come ti chiami? - What is your name? (lit. What is your name?)
Come si chiama (Lei)? - What is your name (lit. What is your name?)
Di dove sei? - Where are you from? / Di dove e? - Where are you from?
Vengo dalla Russia. - I came from Russia.
Sono di Mosca. - I am from Moscow.
Dove abit? - Where do you live? / Dove abita? - Where do you live?
Abito/vivo in Russia/a Mosca. I live in Moscow, Russia.
Quanti anni hai? - How old are you? / Quanti anni ha? - How old are you? (lit. How old are you?)
Piacere di conoscerti. - Nice to meet you).
Piacere di conoscer La. - Nice to meet you).
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© Lara Leto (Ci Siciliano), 2016
© Italy and Italian. Travel beautifully, learn easily, 2016
Synonymous are various forms of pronouns:
1. Personal pronouns may turn out to be synonymous: I And We. So in scientific style instead of a pronoun I the pronoun is used We. (We analyzed several such cases ...) In modern scientific texts, a monologue conducted in the third person is most often used. ( The author of the article considers questions ...).
2. Possessive pronouns are synonymous yours - mine, yours - yours, ours, yours, if the belonging of the object to the subject of the action is determined. In colloquial speech, the preferred form is “ mine". Often the pronoun " mine" turns out to be redundant in the statement ( Pushkin in his story "The Captain's Daughter" ...)
3. Definitive pronouns are synonymous each - any - any in the meaning of "one object from a number of similar ones" ( everyone (any, everyone) knows the multiplication table) These pronouns differ stylistically: pronoun any has a colloquial connotation, and every And any - commonly used options.
4. Synonymous and definitive pronouns myself And most, although in modern texts it is increasingly common for the pronoun myself used instead most. But the pronoun most and today it is used in official business and journalistic styles ( ... we reflect the very era, the very time that brings such a character to life).
When using pronouns, speech errors can occur.
Most often, errors are associated with a violation of the correlation of the pronoun with the person or object expressed by the noun, as a result, the statement becomes ambiguous ( the boy was assigned to a summer camp, he is leaving soon). As a rule, a personal pronoun usually replaces its closest preceding noun in the form of the same gender and number.
Should not be replaced by the personal pronoun 3rd person plural. numbers a noun that has a collective meaning ( students, youth, people). When replacing, the form of the personal pronoun 3 person singular is used. numbers.
When using a reflexive pronoun myself and reflexively possessive pronoun mine you need to remember the rule: the reflexive pronoun refers to the word that names the producer of the action. ( The mother asked her daughter to take the purchase to herself.) To eliminate possible ambiguity, synonymous substitutions are used:
- The mother asked her daughter to take the purchase to herself.
- The mother asked her daughter to take the purchase to her.
In colloquial speech, in dialects, there are errors in the use of prepositions of personal pronouns of the 3rd person singular. and plural. numbers. If these pronouns are used in oblique cases and come after a preposition, the pronouns are usually added with “ H" (around him, with her, against them). Not added " H”, when the pronoun stands:
1. After prepositions of adverbial origin that govern the dative case: in spite of, according to, towards, like, accordingly, thanks to.
2. After prepositional combinations consisting of a simple preposition and a noun ( with respect to, with the help of, with the exception of, on the part).
3. After the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb.
The error may be due to unmotivated duplication of the subject - noun personal pronoun 3rd person (Vera, she was happy again).
It is necessary to distinguish between the use and spelling of combinations none other than (nothing but) And no one else (nothing else). In combinations none other than (nothing but) possible permutation of words: none other than (It was none other than our missing Yegorov) Combinations no one else (nothing else) do not allow such a permutation, they are used in sentences with negation ( No one else could afford it.) In the same way, combinations none other than And nobody else.
Tourists visited many cities of the country; they were primarily interested in local historical sites(there is no doubt that the pronoun They refers to a more distant noun tourists, not to a closer noun cities).
The possibility of correlating a pronoun with different words in the preceding text can be a source of ambiguity or ambiguity, for example: My sister joined an artistic troupe; she's going on tour soon(who is leaving - the sister or the troupe?). In these cases, editing is necessary; compare: a) My sister joined an artistic troupe and will soon go on tour; b) My sister joined an artistic troupe, which will soon go on tour. Wed Also: Olya's mother, when she fell ill, became very nervous(who got sick - mother or Olya?); Additions have been made to both texts; they need some clarification(what needs clarification - texts or additions?).
Pronoun They should not correspond to a collective noun that has a singular form. This rule is violated, for example, in the sentence: “A lot of people participated in the march heading for the capital; They demanded an immediate end to the dirty war." In such cases, when editing, the inconvenience of replacing the form often affects They singular form ( it, he), so it is advisable to replace the collective noun with a specific noun ( … many people participated; they demanded...).
The subject-pronoun is usually omitted in imperative forms. The presence of a pronoun in this case serves the purpose of logical underlining, opposition, for example: ... But you remain firm, calm and gloomy(Pushkin); You stay with the sick, and I will go for the medicine. The presence of a subject-pronoun in the form of the imperative mood can give the statement a softening connotation, for example: You tell me frankly ... you give me advice ...(L. Tolstoy).
In some cases, this use of the pronoun is used to emphasize the subject and is found in oratory and poetic speech, for example: The whole appearance of Georgia beloved, he began to live differently in consciousness ...(Tikhonov).
In other cases, the phenomenon in question is observed in colloquial language, in common speech, for example: The people, he demands culture(Soloukhin); A bullet - it won’t please Fedotka, but it will dump someone from the side(K. Sedykh).
Without a stylistic task, such constructions in the literary language (in scientific, official business speech, in neutral styles) are not used. Wed erroneous constructions in student works: "Eugene Onegin, he was a representative of ...".
Not added n to the pronoun also after prepositions of adverbial origin that govern the dative case; compare: contrary to him, contrary to her, according to them, following him, towards her, like them, according to them; Also: thanks to him.
Do not require insertion after themselves n also prepositional combinations consisting of a simple preposition and a noun, for example: in relation to him, with the help of her, not as an example to them, in opposition to him, about her, except for them, on his part, because of her; Also: like him, about them.
Initial is not added n in cases where the pronoun comes after the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb, for example: older than him, taller than her, better than them.
If a personal pronoun is preceded by a definitive pronoun the whole, then both forms are admissible (with the initial n and without it), for example: all of them - all of them, for all of them - for all of them, for all of them - for all of them, over all of them - over all of them.
Variant forms are also found in other cases of separation of the 3rd person pronoun from the preposition as a result of inserting some other word between them, for example: between you and them - between you and them, between me and them - between me and him. Wed: You see the difference between us and them...(Bitter). - ... There is no middle line between us and them(Gaidar).
§ 168. Reflexive and possessive pronouns
- reflexive pronoun myself can refer to any of the three grammatical persons, so if there are several nouns or pronouns in a sentence with which a reflexive pronoun can potentially correspond, ambiguity often arises. For example: The commandant ordered the janitor to take the tenant's belongings to him(to the commandant or to the janitor?). In such cases, the reflexive pronoun should be attributed to the word that names the producer of the corresponding action: the action of the commandant was expressed in what he ordered, and the action expressed in the infinitive attributed, refers to the janitor; because the combination to yourself syntactically dependent on the last verb ( take to oneself), then the reflexive pronoun is related to the noun street cleaner.
However, this interpretation is not always convincing. Yes, in the proposal I found an assistant in my office the producer of the action is only one person - I, however at home can be understood both as "for me" and as "for him". On the other hand, in a sentence Grandfather ordered me and my sister to sit at the table right in front of him.(Aksakov) the producer of the action expressed by the verb plant, on which the combination syntactically depends against myself, is not grandfather (grandfather ordered, but someone else should plant), but in terms of meaning against myself here it means “against him”, since there is no other “candidate” for a correlative connection with a reflexive pronoun in the above sentence.
In cases of ambiguity, editing is recommended, for example: 1) The commandant ordered the janitor to take the tenant's belongings to him; 2) The commandant ordered the janitor to take the tenant's belongings to him. Or: 1) I found an assistant in my office; 2) I found the assistant in his office.
- A similar situation can arise when using the reflexive possessive pronoun mine, since it can also refer to all three persons. Yes, in the proposal The older sister asked the younger sister to give her her mug. word my should be attributed to the younger sister as the producer of the action expressed by the infinitive submit, which is associated with the combination your mug, but a shade of ambiguity is also inherent in such constructions. A sentence will also be two-valued, in which the word mine will be replaced by a personal pronoun her in a possessive sense: The older sister asked the younger sister to give her her mug. Wed other examples: The editor asked the author to take into account his previous corrections(whose corrections?); The chairman of the meeting invited the secretary to announce the resolution prepared by him(prepared by whom?).
The above examples require editing to remove ambiguity or inaccurate choice of pronoun.
Possible synonymous use of possessive pronouns mine is mine, yours is mine etc. Compare: …I indulge in my dreams(Pushkin). - I will not tolerate thieves in my house(Chekhov). Use of possessive pronouns mine, yours, ours, yours instead of what is possible according to the context mine more emphasizes the connection with the relevant person, in particular when contrasted, for example: Touch my head with your hand(Zhukovsky).
§ 169. Defining pronouns
- With a significant semantic similarity of pronouns everyone, everyone And any(cf.: each of us can do it - ... each of us - ... any of us) they differ from each other in their inherent shades of meaning.
Pronoun any has a special meaning "different, the most diverse, all kinds", for example: every kind of case. Another meaning is “any, whatever”, for example: the absence of any system; without any doubts(in the sense of "absolutely without").
pronoun every a special meaning is inherent in “one of all in a given quantitative series”, “any of their own kind, taken separately”, for example: a record book is issued to each student; cf. Also: at every step, every third day, every two hours.
Matching pronouns any And every, we find the following differences:
1) any contains a shade of generalization, points to objects without limiting them to a certain circle, and every implies such a limitation; compare: Every plant needs moisture. – Each of the newly planted plants still needs daily care.;
2) any relatively free to take plural forms, and every is used in the plural only when referring to a certain number of objects (i.e., in the presence of a quantitative numeral), as well as when combined with nouns that do not have a singular form; compare: all sorts of brochures - every three brochures, every second day.
Pronoun any has the special meaning of "whatever you choose", for example: choose any book, inquire at any post office, reschedule the meeting to any other day.
- The former distinction in the use of pronouns myself And most(the first referred to the names of animate objects, the second - to the names of inanimate objects) is not currently observed. In modern language, especially in journalistic style, the tendency to use the pronoun myself instead of most(but not to reverse replacement) has noticeably increased; cf. use myself with the names of inanimate objects: the convening of the conference itself; the very procedure for making a decision on the establishment of a commission; the very posing of the question here is a violation of the charter; the voting itself took place in an atmosphere of intense struggle and so on.
Of the two forms of the accusative pronoun herself: book version most and colloquial herself- the second one is more widely used as more modern, for example: meet the owner.
If there is a reflexive pronoun in the sentence myself pronoun myself can agree in a case either with it or with the subject, for example: I am surprised at myself - I am surprised at myself; she likes herself she likes herself.
§ 170. Indefinite pronouns
Close in meaning, but differ in semantic and stylistic shades of the pronoun something, something, something, anything, something; the same parallel row is formed by pronouns somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, anyone.
Pronoun something(respectively somebody) indicates the unknown for both the speaker and the listener, for example: Something flashed in the air; Someone is knocking on the door.
Pronoun something(respectively someone) indicates something unknown to the hearer, but somewhat known to the speaker, for example: I remember something about this incident; We'll have to dedicate someone to the details of the issue. Wed difference in usage something And something associated with the presence of different personal pronouns in the role of the subject: I could tell you something. – He could tell us something. In colloquial speech, the particle is also used koi- (someone, someone).
We establish the same distinction between pronouns some And some. Wed: See, there are some books on the counter(unknown to both interlocutors). - I recently bought some books on the specialty(to some extent known to me).
The difference between pronouns something And anything(respectively somebody And anyone) is that the particle That-
attaches the meaning "it is not known what or who", and the particle someday
gives the meaning of "it doesn't matter what or who". Wed: He said something interesting. – Tell something interesting; He began to call someone for help(it is not known whom for the face of the speaker). - He began to call someone for help(no matter who). Wed also in the dialogue:- Did anyone visit us today? - Yes, someone came. Indefinite pronouns with a particle someday
allows you to associate them with an object that is not yet available, hence the ability to use them with a verb-predicate in the form of the future tense, imperative or subjunctive mood, as well as in interrogative sentences, for example: I will try to do something for you; Send the manuscript to someone for review; If someone had called me in advance, I would have stayed at home.
Pronoun anything(respectively anyone) is close in meaning to a pronoun with a particle
someday
, but has a more general meaning (not one indefinite object or one of the few indefinite objects, but one of any of these objects). Wed: ask someone(one of the few unknown people) - ask someone(any of the unknown people); cf. also in negative sentences: I don't want to contact anyone(to anyone, no matter who) - I don't want to contact anyone(to no one, no one). Particle pronouns
-or
are bookish. The pronoun also has a bookish character something(and correspondingly someone), which is usually followed by an explanatory word, for example: something unexpected, someone in gray.
In the meaning of “it doesn’t matter what”, “it doesn’t matter who”, combinations of interrogative-relative pronouns are used ( who, what, what etc.) with the words whatever And horrible, For example: do whatever, do whatever.
Pronoun some(book, cf. some) has parallel case forms: some - some, some - some, some - some(obsolete some); the latter options are more commonly used. Equal forms are used some - some.